Semantic Integration Demands Modulate Large-Scale Network Interactions in the Brain.

The ability to integrate semantic information into the context of a sentence is essential for human communication. Several studies have shown that the predictability of a final keyword based on the sentence context influences semantic integration on the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neural level. However, the architecture of the underlying network interactions for semantic integration across the lifespan remains unclear.

Determinants of Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance in Older Adults: A Dual Process Approach.

Background: Dual process models represent a useful framework in explaining PA in that behavior is explained by reflective (i.e., conscious, effortful) and automatic (i.

Developing and validating an intervention-specific knowledge assessment for person-centered communication in nursing home continuing education.

Purpose: The assessment of knowledge gain from educational interventions is a common practice in dementia care research. This study aimed to refine and validate the Changing Talk Scale (CHATS), a tool for assessing knowledge of effective and person-centered communication in nursing home staff. CHATS was integrated into the Changing Talk: Online (CHATO) education program to measure the knowledge gains resulting from it.

Factors Associated With Depression in Caregivers of Adults With Down Syndrome.

Background: Family caregivers of those with developmental disabilities have higher rates of depression and anxiety compared with caregivers of those without development disability. Few studies have examined factors that contribute to caregiver depression, including the appraisal of caregiving responsibilities and the physical fitness and daily function of the care recipient. The purpose of this study was to identify intrapersonal (caregiver) and interpersonal (care recipient) factors associated with depressive symptoms in caregivers of adults with Down syndrome (DS).

Keeping up with Recent Developments in Immunodeficiency.

Inborn Errors of Immunity are a rapidly expanding group of monogenetic disorders affecting the immune system. Advancements in genetic testing and functional validation studies have accelerated the pace of IEI gene discovery and mechanism of disease, particularly in the past five years. To keep up with this rapid expansion, the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Expert Committee has periodically, since 1999, released updated IEI classifications with corresponding genotypic and phenotypic catalogues with its most recent update in 2022.

Limbic system synaptic dysfunctions associated with prion disease onset.

Misfolding of normal prion protein (PrP) to pathological isoforms (prions) causes prion diseases (PrDs) with clinical manifestations including cognitive decline and mood-related behavioral changes. Cognition and mood are linked to the neurophysiology of the limbic system. Little is known about how the disease affects the synaptic activity in brain parts associated with this system.

"I felt belittled and ridiculed for being in pain": An online survey of Autistic people's experience of care for pregnancy loss (perinatal loss) in the United Kingdom.

Background: Around 3 % of people are Autistic; women may be under-diagnosed. Autistic people report lack of staff understanding, stigma and environmental barriers to using midwifery services. It is not known if these issues are present in perinatal loss services.

Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Consortium RESILIENT Conference on Pediatric Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Survivorship After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Part I. Phases of Chronic GVHD, Supportive Care, and Systemic Therapy Discontinuation.

Current literature lacks details on the impact of pediatric chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) on long-term survivorship after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Nonetheless, cGVHD remains a leading cause of post-transplant morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents, which is particularly relevant given the longer life-expectancy after HCT (measured in decades) compared to older adults. To address this knowledge gap, leaders of the Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Consortium convened a multidisciplinary taskforce of experts in pediatric cGVHD and HCT late effects known as RESILIENT after Chronic GVHD (Research and Education towards Solutions for Late effects to Innovate, Excel, and Nurture after cGVHD).

Eyelid Reconstruction.

Reconstruction of the eyelid is a complex process that requires an understanding of eyelid anatomy and various reconstructive techniques to restore function and appearance. The eyelids, essential for globe protection, moisture retention, and expression, contain the lacrimal system and intricate musculature that make reconstruction challenging. Tumor excision commonly results in defects in the eyelid that require careful reconstructive planning, with consideration for defect dimensions, location, and involvement of surrounding tissue.

Docking and structure activity relationship studies of potent and selective thiazolidinethione GSK-3 inhibitors.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays a key role in several biochemical pathways and is an attractive target for pharmacological intervention. We prepared a series of analogs of a highly selective thiazolidinethione inhibitor of GSK-3. The structure-activity relationship indicated a precise structural requirement for potent inhibition.

TIGIT and PD-L1 co-blockade promotes clonal expansion of multipotent, non-exhausted antitumor T cells by facilitating co-stimulation.

Blockade of immune checkpoints PD-1 and TIGIT has demonstrated activity in mouse tumor models and human patients with cancer. Although these coinhibitory receptors can restrict signaling in CD8 T cells by regulating their associated co-stimulatory receptors CD28 and CD226, the functional consequences of combining PD-1 and TIGIT blockade remain poorly characterized. In mouse tumor models, we show that combination blockade elicited CD226-driven clonal expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells.

Nanogrooved Elastomeric Diaphragm Arrays for Assessment of Cardiomyocytes under Synergistic Effects of Circular Mechanical Stimuli and Electrical Conductivity to Enhance Intercellular Communication.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality, necessitating advancements in cardiac tissue engineering platforms for improved disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative therapies. The chief challenge to recapitulating the beating behavior of cardiomyocytes is creation of the circular stress profile experienced by hollow organs in the natural heart due to filling pressure and integrated strategies for intercellular communication to promote cell-to-cell connections. We present a platform featuring addressable arrays of nanogrooved polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) diaphragms for cell alignment and circular mechanical stimulation, with embedded silver nanowires (AgNWs) for electrical cues, so that cardiomyocyte functionality can be assessed under these synergistic influences.

Participatory longitudinal qualitative interview study to understand Autistic gynaecological and obstetric health: the Autism from menstruation to menopause study protocol.

Introduction: Autism is a lifelong minority neurotype present from birth. There is a dearth of credible evidence to suggest gender variation in Autism prevalence, despite historical under-diagnosis of women. Autistic people Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB) have worse physical and mental health compared with non-Autistic peers.

Hypusination in intestinal epithelial cells protects mice from infectious colitis.

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) is a bacterium that causes attaching/effacing (A/E) lesions and serious diarrheal disease, a major health issue in developing countries. EPEC pathogenicity results from the effect of virulence factors and dysregulation of host responses. Polyamines, including spermidine, play a major role in intestinal homeostasis.

F-FLT PET and Blood-based Biomarkers for Identifying Gastrointestinal Graft versus Host Disease after Allogeneic Cell Transplantation.

Purpose To determine whether fluorine 18 (F) fluorothymidine (FLT) PET imaging alone or combined with Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) biomarkers could help identify subclinical gastrointestinal graft versus host disease (GI-GVHD) by day 100 following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Materials and Methods F-FLT PET imaging was analyzed in a prospective pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

Early resistance rehabilitation improves functional regeneration following segmental bone defect injury.

Many studies have explored different loading and rehabilitation strategies, yet rehabilitation intensity and its impact on the local strain environment and bone healing have largely not been investigated. This study combined implantable strain sensors and subject-specific finite element models in a 2 mm rodent segmental bone defect model. After injury animals were underwent high or low intensity rehabilitation.

Examining the effectiveness of a video-based parent-child program on executive functions for children 5 to 6 years old: A randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Parent-child Brain Camp, a 4-week video-based executive functions (EFs) training program for children ages 5-6, through a randomized controlled trial with a pre- and post-test design with 173 Hong Kong children (intervention ni = 79, 48.7% girls, M = 69.16 months; control n = 94, 56.

Perspectives of America's Military and Veteran Caregivers: A Qualitative Exploration.

RAND researchers present findings from the qualitative arm of the research project, sharing insights from interviews with U.S. military and veteran caregivers.

America's Military and Veteran Caregivers: Hidden Heroes Emerging from the Shadows.

The authors produced new estimates of the number of adults caregiving in the United States today; investigated how those caring for wounded, ill, and injured service members and veterans compare with those caring for civilians and with non-caregivers; and share insights on the potential consequences of caregiving on caregiversapos health, their economic security, and their families' well-being. They also propose recommendations to strengthen caregiver support. The information in this study is derived from two sources.

Medication adherence among people living with hypertension and diabetes in Puno, Peru: A secondary analysis of formative data of the ANDES trial.

Background: Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for premature death globally despite the existence of evidence-based and cost-effective treatments. Medication nonadherence is cited as the main cause of treatment failure for hypertension. In Peru, adherence to anti-hypertensive medications of individuals with both hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well studied.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Early biological and psychosocial factors associated with PTSD onset and persistence in youth.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. While considerable research has investigated PTSD in adults, little is known about the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to its onset, development, and persistence in youth. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify longitudinal studies examining factors associated with PTSD status and symptom severity in children and adolescents.

Two new genera of Neotropical Dasymutillini (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): Goncharovtilla gen. nov. from Brazil and Dasyphuta gen. nov. from Panama.

Two new monotypic genera are described within the tribe Dasymutillini: Goncharovtilla Williams, Bartholomay & Lopez, gen. nov. (type species: G.