Microgeographical Variation in Prevalence in Dogs in Suburban and Urban Areas of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

Dirofilariosis, a mosquito-borne disease caused by and , affects canids, felids and occasionally humans. Recent evidence suggests that prevalence is rising in the canine populations in several areas of Brazil, even those historically considered to be non-endemic, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance. However, prevalence studies are frequently based on inference from single diagnostic methods, and it is acknowledged that this may lead to biases and an underestimation of the disease situation.

A 72-Year-Old Man With Innumerable Bilateral Pulmonary Nodules After Lung Transplantation.

A 72-year-old man who underwent bilateral orthotropic lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease 6 months ago presented to the clinic with a 2-week history of cough, shortness of breath, and mid-back pain. The donor was negative for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the recipient was positive for both CMV and EBV. He also reported headaches but denied any fever, chills, weight loss, night sweats, chest pain, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, or leg swelling.

Extended perioperative use of the ProtekDuo cannula for drainage in central venopulmonary-aortic ECMO for bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation.

We present the case of a 24-year-old female who was supported with ProtekDuo cannula with variations of venopulmonary (VP) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The patient was cannulated for acute respiratory distress syndrome and she underwent bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation. This is the first report of the ProtekDuo cannula as a drainage cannula in central (dl)VP-/AO ECMO for 5 days.

The Distribution, Diversity, and Control of Dirofilariosis in Brazil: A Comprehensive Review.

Brazil's extensive coastline, tropical and subtropical climate, and well-preserved environment represent a conducive setting for dirofilariosis, a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease. Although this condition has long been recognised in the country, it has been relatively under-studied, and it is currently considered to be an emerging disease. Diagnosis, treatment, and control remain challenging due to the extensive gaps in knowledge.

Endometriosis first presenting in pleural fluid cytology.

Most patients with thoracic endometriosis present with catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition in which recurrent episodes occur within 72 h before or after the start of menstruation. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology. We describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile of thoracic endometriosis and discuss the differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes.

Assessing the feasibility of applying machine learning to diagnosing non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe feline coronavirus-associated syndrome in cats, which is invariably fatal without anti-viral treatment. In the majority of non-effusive FIP cases encountered in practice, confirmatory diagnostic testing is not undertaken and reliance is given to the interpretation of valuable, but essentially non-specific, clinical signs and laboratory markers. We hypothesised that it may be feasible to develop a machine learning (ML) approach which may be applied to the analysis of clinical data to aid in the diagnosis of disease.

SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic UK Cats from Alpha to Omicron: Swab Surveillance and Case Reports.

Although domestic cats are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the role of the virus in causing feline disease is less well defined. We conducted a large-scale study to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections in UK pet cats, using active and passive surveillance. Remnant feline respiratory swab samples, submitted for other pathogen testing between May 2021 and February 2023, were screened using RT-qPCR.

Increase in SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in UK Domestic Felids Despite Weak Immunogenicity of Post-Omicron Variants.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections in domestic cats have caused concern for both animal health and the potential for inter-species transmission. Cats are known to be susceptible to the Omicron variant and its descendants, however, the feline immune response to these variants is not well defined. We aimed to estimate the current seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in UK pet cats, as well as characterise the neutralising antibody response to the Omicron (BA.

Noncanonical HPV carcinogenesis drives radiosensitization of head and neck tumors.

We analyzed transcriptional data from 104 HPV+ (Human papillomavirus) HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) tumors together with two publicly available sources to identify highly robust transcriptional programs (modules) which could be detected consistently despite heterogeneous sequencing and quantification methodologies. Among 22 modules identified, we found a single module that naturally subclassifies HPV+ HNSCC tumors based on a bimodal pattern of gene expression, clusters all atypical features of HPV+ HNSCC biology into a single subclass, and predicts patient outcome in four independent cohorts. The subclass-defining gene set was strongly correlated with Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target expression.

The long-distance relationship between and the UK: case report and literature review.

Over the last two decades, vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) have changed their distribution across the globe as a consequence of a variety of environmental, socioeconomic and geopolitical factors. and are perfect exemplars of European VBPs of One Health concern that have undergone profound changes in their distribution, with new hotspots of infection appearing in previously non-endemic countries. Some areas, such as the United Kingdom, are still considered non-endemic.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Cross-Variant Antibody Neutralization in Cats, United Kingdom.

Anthropogenic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to pet cats highlights the importance of monitoring felids for exposure to circulating variants. We tested cats in the United Kingdom for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; seroprevalence peaked during September 2021-February 2022. The variant-specific response in cats trailed circulating variants in humans, indicating multiple human-to-cat transmissions over a prolonged period.

genomic epidemiology reveals the potential for zoonotic transfer.

, a multi-host pathogen commonly isolated from dogs and cats, has been occasionally reported in severe cases of human infection. To address the gap in knowledge on its virulence and host tropism, we investigated genomic epidemiology and report the results of this analysis for the first time. We analysed 59 .

Selection of genotypes harbouring mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Theileria annulata is associated with resistance to buparvaquone.

Buparvaquone remains the only effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata. However, an increase in the rate of buparvaquone treatment failures has been observed in recent years, raising the possibility that resistance to this drug is associated with the selection of T. annulata genotypes bearing mutation(s) in the cytochrome b gene (Cyto b).

Cost-effectiveness of Response-Adapted De-escalation of Immunotherapy in Advanced Melanoma.

Importance: Combination immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab has markedly improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma. However, these therapies pose a considerable financial burden to both patients and the health care system. The ADAPT-IT trial demonstrated comparable progression-free and overall survival for patients with response-adapted ipilimumab discontinuation compared with standard of care (SOC).

Interfacility Transport of Critically Ill Patients.

Objectives: To assess recent advances in interfacility critical care transport.

Data Sources: PubMed English language publications plus chapters and professional organization publications.

Study Selection: Manuscripts including practice manuals and standard (1990-2021) focused on interfacility transport of critically ill patients.

Thermography for disease detection in livestock: A scoping review.

Infra-red thermography (IRT) offers potential opportunities as a tool for disease detection in livestock. Despite considerable research in this area, there are no common standards or protocols for managing IRT parameters in animal disease detection research. In this review, we investigate parameters that are essential to the progression of this tool and make recommendations for their use based on the literature found and the veterinary thermography guidelines from the American Academy of Thermology.

Streptococcus canis, the underdog of the genus.

Streptococcus canis is a multi-host pathogen that causes disease of varying severity in a wide range of mammals, including humans. Dogs and cats appear to be the primary hosts and may play a role in transmitting infection to humans. The broader epidemiology of S.

Comprehensive Viral Genotyping Reveals Prognostic Viral Phylogenetic Groups in HPV16-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx.

Unlabelled: Human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) is the most prevalent HPV-associated malignancy in the United States and is primarily caused by HPV subtype 16 (HPV16). Favorable treatment outcomes have led to increasing interest in treatment deescalation to reduce treatment-related morbidity. Prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify appropriately low-risk patients for reduced treatment intensity.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle.

Background And Aim: is the most prevalent piroplasm infecting cattle across Egypt. Theileriosis is transmitted by ixodid ticks of the genus . This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle and their associated risk factors for infection.

A bipartite graph-based expected networks approach identifies DDR genes not associated with TMB yet predictive of immune checkpoint blockade response.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has had remarkable success for treatment of solid tumors. However, as only a subset of patients exhibit responses, there is a continued need for biomarker development. Numerous reports have shown a link between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and ICB response, while others have identified a link between ICB response and mutation in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes.

A study comparing the healthy and diseased equine glandular gastric microbiota sampled with sheathed transendoscopic cytology brushes.

The role of the equine gastrointestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is poorly understood. To investigate whether the glandular gastric microbiota is altered in horses with EGGD. Prospective longitudinal study.