β-Blocker Use and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review.

Rationale & Objective: There is conflicting evidence regarding the type of β-blockers to use in dialysis patients. This systematic review seeks to determine whether highly dialyzable β-blockers are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients than poorly dialyzable β-blockers.

Study Design: A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted.