Cost-Effectiveness of Voncento Prophylaxis Versus On-Demand Treatment in von Willebrand Disease in the United Kingdom.

von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates may be required for on-demand treatment (ODT) or long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in von Willebrand disease (VWD). This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of LTP compared with ODT in VWD patients treated with Voncento in the United Kingdom (UK). A Markov structure was developed to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs of VWD treatment over a lifetime horizon.

Essay review: Why we fight about science.

The concept of 'science' occupies a distinctive place within our rhetorical inheritance. Tangential to science's actual practices and institutions, this rhetoric holds that science comprises an arsenal of techniques, or a pervasive mentality, that have broadly shaped and even defined modern society. Such notions have been the subject of more or less constant discussion for two or three centuries, with early critics of scientific thought targeting its links to the religious and political radicalism of the Enlightenment and the troubles of industrialization.

Second-Sphere Histidine Catalytic Function in a Fungal Polysaccharide Monooxygenase.

Fungal polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) oxidatively degrade cellulose and other carbohydrate polymers via a mononuclear copper active site using either O or HO as a cosubstrate. Cellulose-active fungal PMOs in the auxiliary activity 9 (AA9) family have a conserved second-sphere hydrogen-bonding network consisting of histidine, glutamine, and tyrosine residues. The second-sphere histidine has been hypothesized to play a role in proton transfer in the O-dependent PMO reaction.

The 'vulnerable nerve'; surgically acquired neuropathy in distal humeral surgery patients and the role of a tourniquet.

Background: The complication of neuropathy is high in patients undergoing distal humerus surgery. Tourniquets (TQs) are typically used but can lead to nerve injury.

Methods: We present a comparative study of a pre-intervention group ( = 38) and a post-intervention group ( = 38) undergoing distal humerus surgery between November 2020 and July 2023.

Major contributors to FLASH sparing efficacy emerge from murine skin studies: dose rate, total dose per fraction, anesthesia and oxygenation.

Background: Normal tissue sparing from radiation damage upon ultra-high dose rate irradiation, known as the FLASH effect with an equivalent tumor response, has been widely reported in murine skin models, and translation of this type of radiotherapy to humans has already begun, with skin sparing being a primary outcome expected.

Methods: This study reviews the status of the field, focusing on the proposed mechanisms and skin response assays, outlining what has become known in terms of input parameters that might control the magnitude of the FLASH effect.

Results: Murine studies have largely focused on acute damage responses, developing over 3-8 weeks, to single doses of FLASH versus conventional dose rate (CDR), suggesting that at dose rates above tens of Gray per second, with a total dose of more than 20 Gy, the FLASH effect is induced.

Extensive longevity and DNA virus-driven adaptation in nearctic bats.

The genus is one of the largest clades of bats, and exhibits some of the most extreme variation in lifespans among mammals alongside unique adaptations to viral tolerance and immune defense. To study the evolution of longevity-associated traits and infectious disease, we generated near-complete genome assemblies and cell lines for 8 closely related species of . Using genome-wide screens of positive selection, analyses of structural variation, and functional experiments in primary cell lines, we identify new patterns of adaptation contributing to longevity, cancer resistance, and viral interactions in bats.

The common, VTE-protective, G haplotype of F5 increases factor V-short, TFPI function, and risk of bleeding.

The G haplotype is a group of co-inherited single nucleotide variants in the F5 gene that reduce venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Even though seven percent of the population is homozygous for the G haplotype (F5-G/G), the underlying mechanism of VTE protection is poorly understood. Using RNA-seq data from 4,651 blood donors in the INTERVAL study we detected a rare excision event at the FV-short splice sites in 5% of F5-G/Gs as compared with 2.

Discovery and biological confirmation of a highly divergent Tacaribe virus in metatranscriptomic data from neotropical bats.

Unlabelled: First isolated from neotropical fruit bats in Trinidad in 1956, Tacaribe virus (TCRV) has rarely been detected since. We searched for New World arenavirus reads in roughly 5.7 million sequencing runs available on public databases using Serratus.

Sparing piriformis and internus repairing externus vs. other conventional approaches for hip hemiarthroplasty: A report of early outcomes from a single UK trauma unit.

Purpose: Over 30,000 hip hemiarthroplasties for neck of femur fractures are performed annually in the United Kingdom (UK). The national recommendation is via the lateral approach, to reduce the risk of dislocation, with the potential expense of reduced function and mobility post-operatively. Muscle-sparing approaches, such as SPAIRE (sparing piriformis and internus repairing externus), have been invented to address the issue of dislocation.

Case report: CMV retinitis following local and systemic immunosuppression.

We report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented 2 years following renal transplantation with diffuse, unilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis five weeks after receiving an intravitreal dexamethasone implant device for the management of central retinal vein occlusion. Examination of the left eye showed diffuse retinal hemorrhages, attenuated and tortuous retinal vessels, and superior retinal whitening. The patient was successfully treated with serial intravitreal foscarnet injections and oral valganciclovir with disease regression observed by 12 weeks after presentation.

Superior functional outcome following reverse shoulder arthroplasty compared to hemiarthroplasty for displaced three- and four-part fractures in patients 65 and older: results from a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial - The shoulder hemiarthroplasty or reverse polarity arthoplasty (SHeRPA) trial.

Background: Acute unreconstructible 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures can be treated with hemiarthroplasty or reverse polarity shoulder arthroplasty. Randomized trials using implants from multiple different companies or uncemented implants have found superior results with reverse polarity arthroplasty.

Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that cemented reverse polarity arthroplasty produces a superior outcome compared to cemented hemiarthroplasty using one implant system in patients aged 65 years and over at 12 months follow-up as measured with the Constant Score.

CryoEM grid preparation: a closer look at advancements and impact of preparation mode and new approaches.

Sample preparation can present a significant hurdle within single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), resulting in issues with reproducibility, data quality or an inability to visualise the sample. There are several factors which can influence this, including sample or buffer composition, grid type, route of sample preparation and interactions with the air-water interface (AWI). Here, we review some of the current routes for sample preparation and the associated challenges.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Health Markers and Performance Outcomes among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on health markers and performance outcomes among diabetic and nondiabetic patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: One hundred and ninety-seven patients with PCI and CABG, who attended phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation, were included in the study. Patient data were separated by cardiac diagnosis, (PCI and CABG), diabetes category (diabetic and nondiabetic), number of sessions attended (12-24 or 25-36), and time (pre- to post-test).

The complex relationship between disease resistance and yield in crops.

In plants, growth and defence are controlled by many molecular pathways that are antagonistic to one another. This results in a 'growth-defence trade-off', where plants temporarily reduce growth in response to pests or diseases. Due to this antagonism, genetic variants that improve resistance often reduce growth and vice versa.

Protocol for the development of a multidisciplinary clinical practice guideline for the care of patients with chronic subdural haematoma.

A common neurosurgical condition, chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) typically affects older people with other underlying health conditions. The care of this potentially vulnerable cohort is often, however, fragmented and suboptimal. In other complex conditions, multidisciplinary guidelines have transformed patient experience and outcomes, but no such framework exists for cSDH.

Oligo-barcode illuminates holocentric karyotype evolution in (Cyperaceae).

Holocentric karyotypes are assumed to rapidly evolve through chromosome fusions and fissions due to the diffuse nature of their centromeres. Here, we took advantage of the recent availability of a chromosome-scale reference genome for , a model species of this holocentric genus, and developed the first set of oligo-based barcode probes for a holocentric plant. These probes were applied to 13 additional species of the genus, aiming to investigate the evolutionary dynamics driving the karyotype evolution in .

Arthroscopic knots: Suture and knot characterisation of modern polyblend suture materials.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the biophysical structure and function of modern suture materials. Particularly the suture's ability to withstand the stressors of surgery and how the material properties affect knot stability. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect that different knots have on the suture material itself.

Direct links between resource availability and activity budget better reveal ecological patterns of endangered Coimbra-Filho's titi monkey.

Many primatological studies do not assess direct indexes of food availability to make inferences about behavioral strategies. We related the diet and behavior of a group of Callicebus coimbrai in northeastern Brazil to fruit availability indexes and compared this pattern between seasons (direct and indirect assessment of food availability) to assess whether direct and indirect approaches detect similar ecological patterns. We monitored the study group for 33 months (5 days/month) via scan sampling.

Review of optical reporters of radiation effects : tools to quantify improvements in radiation delivery technique.

Significance: Radiation damage studies are used to optimize radiotherapy treatment techniques. Although biological indicators of damage are the best assays of effect, they are highly variable due to biological heterogeneity. The free radical radiochemistry can be assayed with optical reporters, allowing for high precision titration of techniques.