Assessment of NO observations during DISCOVER-AQ and KORUS-AQ field campaigns.

NASA's Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ, conducted in 2011-2014) campaign in the United States and the joint NASA and National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) Korea-United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ, conducted in 2016) in South Korea were two field study programs that provided comprehensive, integrated datasets of airborne and surface observations of atmospheric constituents, including nitrogen dioxide (NO), with the goal of improving the interpretation of spaceborne remote sensing data. Various types of NO measurements were made, including in situ concentrations and column amounts of NO using ground- and aircraft-based instruments, while NO column amounts were being derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. This study takes advantage of these unique datasets by first evaluating in situ data taken from two different instruments on the same aircraft platform, comparing coincidently sampled profile-integrated columns from aircraft spirals with remotely sensed column observations from ground-based Pandora spectrometers, intercomparing column observations from the ground (Pandora), aircraft (in situ vertical spirals), and space (OMI), and evaluating NO simulations from coarse Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) and high-resolution regional models.

RAVAN: CubeSat Demonstration for Multi-Point Earth Radiation Budget Measurements.

The Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes (RAVAN) 3U CubeSat mission is a pathfinder to demonstrate technologies for the measurement of Earth's radiation budget, the quantification of which is critical for predicting the future course of climate change. A specific motivation is the need for lower-cost technology alternatives that could be used for multi-point constellation measurements of Earth outgoing radiation. RAVAN launched 11 November 2016, into a nearly 600-km, Sun-synchronous orbit, and collected data for over 20 months.

The integration of brain dissection within the medical neuroscience laboratory enhances learning.

The purpose of this study was to design a one-hour brain dissection protocol for a medical neuroscience course and evaluate the short and long-term effects of its implementation on medical students. First-year medical students (n = 166) participated in a brain dissection activity that included dissection of the basal nuclei and associated deep brain structures. Short-term retention was assessed by administering identical pre- and post-activity tests involving identification of brain structures.

How the Integration of Pathology in the Gross Anatomy Laboratory Affects Medical Students.

Problem: The main objective of this project was to integrate pathologists into the gross anatomy laboratory setting to increase the exposure that early medical students receive to pathologists as clinicians.

Intervention: Pathologists visited the gross anatomy laboratory 3 times throughout the 15-week course to assist medical students in determining the cause of death of the cadaver being dissected.

Context: This intervention was implemented with 1st-semester medical students for 2 consecutive years (a total of 100 dissection teams consisting of 4 students in each team).

Postmortem Aortic Dissection: An Artifact of the Embalming Process.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a serious condition that affects 3/100,000 individuals a year. Recently, a case report was published describing an embalmed patient with an aortic dissection. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of AD among 80 embalmed cadavers and confirm the AD with histopathologic evaluation.

Getting a head start: high-fidelity, simulation-based operating room team training of interprofessional students.

Background: Effective teamwork in the operating room (OR) is often undermined by the "silo mentality" of the differing professions. Such thinking is formed early in one's professional experience and is fostered by undergraduate medical and nursing curricula lacking interprofessional education. We investigated the immediate impact of conducting interprofessional student OR team training using high-fidelity simulation (HFS) on students' team-related attitudes and behaviors.

The first muscular branch of the deep inferior epigastric artery: an anatomical study and clinical applications.

Background: Reconstruction of distal lower extremity defects often necessitates free tissue transfer. Because of its reliable vascular anatomy, pedicle length, and vessel size, the free rectus abdominis flap is widely used for this purpose. To minimize donor-site morbidity, several authors have described a segmental, or "partial," free rectus abdominis flap.

MOC-PS(SM) CME article: Dupuytren's disease.

Learning Objectives: After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the condition of Dupuytren's disease in its various presentations and severity. 2.

Sternotomy wounds: rectus flap versus modified pectoral reconstruction.

Background: Infected sternotomy wounds occur in 0.5 to 8.4 percent of open heart operations.

Using gross anatomy to teach and assess professionalism in the first year of medical school.

The public is uneasy about the lack of professionalism in physicians chronicled in the different news media. Since professionalism is a set of values developed over a period of time, it is imperative that the evaluation of medical students in regard to these values begins early in their medical school education. In the Gross Anatomy laboratory there are opportunities for students to display such aspects of professionalism as responsibility/accountability for actions, working with others (teamwork), respect for patients, and social responsibility.

Molecular velocity distributions and generalized scale invariance in the turbulent atmosphere.

Airborne observations of ozone, temperature and the spectral actinic photon flux for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere April-September 1997 and January-March 2000 allow a connection to be made between the rate of production of translationally hot atoms and molecules via ozone photodissociation and the intermittency of temperature. Seen in the context of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics literature results from molecular dynamics simulations, the observed correlation between the molecular scale production of translationally hot atoms and molecules and the macroscopic fluid mechanical intermittency of temperature may imply a departure from Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions of molecular velocities, with consequences for chemistry, radiative line shapes and turbulence in the atmosphere, arising from overpopulated high velocity tails of the probability distribution functions (PDFs).

Laparoscopically harvested omental flap for chest wall and intrathoracic reconstruction.

Minimally invasive surgery has gained popularity in the last decade and its applications to plastic surgery are expanding. Pedicled omental flaps are used for the reconstruction of chest wall defects following debridement of sternal infections and mediastinitis. The main advantages of using an omental flap are its large size and bulk to fill large 3-dimensional dead spaces, long pedicle, and rich vascular and lymphatic networks.

Outcomes, safety, and resource utilization in a collaborative care birth center program compared with traditional physician-based perinatal care.

Objective: We compared outcomes, safety, and resource utilization in a collaborative management birth center model of perinatal care versus traditional physician-based care.

Methods: We studied 2957 low-risk, low-income women: 1808 receiving collaborative care and 1149 receiving traditional care.

Results: Major antepartum (adjusted risk difference [RD] = -0.

Impact of collaborative management and early admission in labor on method of delivery.

Objective: This study compared the effects of early admission in labor and perinatal care provider on delivery method. Higher spontaneous vaginal delivery rates for certified nurse midwives as compared with physicians have been reported in observational studies and randomized clinical trials. Certified nurse midwives, with their more expectant approach to labor management, would be expected to admit women later in labor than obstetricians.