The Surgical Education Checklist as an Adjunct to Training in the Operating Theatre: The Surgeons' Experience.

Background: An important aspect of surgical training occurs within the operating theatre. However, access to learning opportunities in this environment has been compromised by issues including reduced working hours and the COVID pandemic. Every training opportunity that does exist, therefore, needs to be maximized.

Correction to: Police Academy Training, Performance, and Learning.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40617-018-00317-2.].

Police Academy Training, Performance, and Learning.

We conducted empirical analyses of training at 3 large regional police academies in the United States. We objectively examined the performance and learning of 3 classes, a total of 115 cadets, across 3 representative training approaches to defensive and control tactics. Experiment 1 examined the content and effects of single-session or block training across 8 weeks during the academy.

The impact of gardening on nutrition and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Community gardening has been widely recognized as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between community gardening and nutrition and physical health among adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.

Perceptions of smoking cessation among Glasgow's Chinese community.

Introduction: Health related needs and services are stratified by ethnicity in UK. The Chinese community is Scotland's second-largest minority ethnic group but a relatively under-researched one. This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of smoking cessation and related services among Chinese community members in Glasgow and to inform them about smoking cessation interventions.

Representativeness of the participants in the smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CPIT): a cross-sectional study.

Background: The limited representativeness of trial samples may restrict external validity. The aim of this study was to ascertain the representativeness of the population enrolled in the Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CPIT), a therapeutic exploratory study to examine the effectiveness of financial incentives for smoking cessation during pregnancy.

Methods: CPIT participants (n = 492) were compared with all self-reported smokers at maternity booking who did not participate in the trial (n = 1982).

An exploration of NHS staff views on tuberculosis service delivery in Scottish NHS boards.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease and major worldwide killer with an increased UK incidence rate. This study aimed to explore the views of National Health Service (NHS) staff on TB service delivery models of care in NHS boards across Scotland. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 nurse specialists and five consultants in public health medicine (CPHM) across five Scottish NHS boards.

Evaluation of an activity monitor for the objective measurement of free-living physical activity in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To explore the use of an activity monitor (AM) to objectively characterize free-living physical activity (F-LPA) in children with mobility impairment resulting from cerebral palsy (CP).

Design: First, a validation study compared outcomes from the AM with video evidence. Second, multiday F-LPA was characterized.

An exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners' perceptions of Evidence Based Medicine.

Objectives: To explore understanding of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and use of evidence by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners, practising in Scotland.

Design: Qualitative study incorporating semi-structured interviewing of 12 TCM practitioners practising TCM in Scotland.

Setting: TCM practitioners' premises in an urban area of Scotland, UK.

Towards a definition: what does 'health promotion' mean to speech and language therapists?

Background: As UK healthcare moves towards the ideals of prevention and enablement, health promotion is more commonly cited as an area of practice. In comparison with its allied health profession peers, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, the speech and language therapy profession has little evidence to demonstrate that it has explored what its members understand health promotion to mean or how they describe their current and future practice in relation to it.

Aims: To explore how speech and language therapists define health promotion and how they describe their current and future practice in relation to it.

Validity of method to quantify transtibial amputees' free-living prosthetic wearing times and physical activity levels when using suction suspension sockets.

Prostheses are prescribed to restore the mobility of people with amputated lower limbs. Monitoring the prosthesis wearing times and physical activity of prosthesis users would provide invaluable information regarding rehabilitation progress and suitability of the prosthesis. The validation of a method to determine wearing times and physical activity state, as well as strides taken, of amputees wearing suction suspension sockets is reported.

Cultivation of a learning culture in general practice: an educational intervention.

Background: Increasing challenges are faced in primary care, including the increase in chronic disease and its management in the community. This paper describes an educational initiative developed to help local general practitioners (GPs) and primary care teams manage chronic conditions and address referral behaviour. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initiative through the exploration of the experiences of the participants and providers.

The potential for actigraphy to be used as an indicator of sitting discomfort.

Objective: A novel technique that uses actigraphy, the study of activity involving the use of body-mounted accelerometers, to detect the discomfort-related movements of a sitting individual has been proposed as a potential indicator of sitting discomfort, and the purpose of this study was to test its validity.

Background: Objective measurement of sitting discomfort has always been challenging for researchers. Electromyographic measurements, pressure mapping, and a wide range of other techniques have all been investigated with limited success.

The characterisation of gait patterns of people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: There are relatively few reports describing gait patterns in multiple sclerosis (MS) and most are confined to the analysis of temporal distance parameters with some assessment of joint range of motion. The aim of this study was to perform a biomechanical characterisation of gait patterns among people with MS across a wide range of severity of ambulatory impairment.

Methods: Sixteen patients with MS were recruited for this study.

An investigation of teaching staff members' and parents' views on the current state of adaptive seating technology and provision.

Purpose: It is recognized that for children with poor postural control, a comfortable adaptive seating system which provides them with the support needed to maintain a sitting position can be essential for raising their overall level of well being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of teaching staff members at special needs schools and of the parents of children who attended these schools on the provision and current technology of seating systems.

Method: Two similar questionnaires intended to elicit the views of teaching staff and the parents of children attending these schools were designed and distributed to these groups.

Ambulatory rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmunogenic disease involving demyelination within the central nervous system. Many of the typical impairments associated with MS can affect gait patterns. With walking ability being one of the most decisive factors when assessing quality of life and independent living, this review focuses on matters, which are considered of significance for maintaining and supporting ambulation.

A preliminary investigation into the development of 3-D printing of prosthetic sockets.

The socket is considered an element of major importance in the makeup of a prosthesis. Each socket is a tailor-made device, designed to fit the unique geometry of the patient's residual limb. The design and manufacture of a prosthetic socket traditionally has been a manual process that relies on the use of plaster of Paris casts to capture the shape of the patient's residual limb and then artisan fabrication techniques to manufacture the socket.

Portfolio assessment: practice teachers' early experience.

Experience was recognised to be a vital source of learning as long ago as 1762 [Emile, Everyman, London, 1993] and reflection on practice experience may be one way forward in addressing nursing's anxieties concerning the practice theory gap. However, despite the acceptance that subjectivity in the process seems inevitable and potentially important, little is understood of the practitioner's experience of practice assessment. Two questionnaires sought the views of specialist community nursing practitioner (SCNP) programme (United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) 2001) practice teachers (PTs) on the introduction of the portfolio approach to practice assessment.

Ultrasound imaging in lower limb prosthetics.

The biomechanical interaction between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket determines the quality of fit of the socket in lower limb prosthetics. An understanding of this interaction and the development of quantitative measures to predict the quality of fit of the socket are important for optimal socket design. Finite-element modeling is used widely for biomechanical modeling of the limb/socket interaction and requires information on the internal and external geometry of the residual limb.