Total Knee Arthroplasty With Retained Tibial Implants: The Role of Minimally Invasive Hardware Removal.

Patients with retained tibial implants may later undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after tibial osteotomy or fracture. Previous knee surgery can increase the rate of complications of joint replacement. Surgical scars may not be in optimal position for hardware removal and arthroplasty.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia is a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder affecting the epiphysis of long bones. Inheritance may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Autosomal dominant variants include mutations of the collagen oligomeric matrix protein, collagen type IX α-1, collagen type IX α-2, collagen type IX α-3, and matrilin-3 genes.