Atlanto-occipital Dissociation: A Review on Epidemiology, Recognition and Diagnosis, Management Options, Outcomes, and Future Directions.

Atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) is an extremely common injury but often fatal. In a systematic review from 2010, AODs were present in almost 20% of blunt trauma fatalities. It is an injury many patients do not survive; therefore, few are treated, even at high volume trauma centers.

Global utilization of biportal spinal endoscopy: Case series on management of lumbar pathology in Soddo, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Biportal spinal endoscopy is a safe and cost-effective methodology for the management of lumbar pathology in rural underserved hospitals that have standard orthopaedic arthroscopic equipment, but lack access to microscopy.

Methods: This is a case series noting 1-year outcomes from 5 patients managed with biportal spinal endoscopy during an 11-day mission trip to Soddo, Ethiopia in November 2022. Surgical complications, postoperative assessments, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Does the use of tranexamic acid intraoperatively reduce postoperative blood loss and complications following biportal endoscopic lumbosacral decompression?

Background: Biportal endoscopic spine surgery is an effective minimally invasive technique for treating common lumbar pathologies. We aim to evaluate the impact of intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) use on postoperative blood loss in biportal endoscopic decompression surgery.

Methods: Patients undergoing biportal endoscopic lumbar discectomies and decompressions either by same day surgery or overnight stay at a single institution beginning in October 2021 were prospectively enrolled.

Spinal Cord Signal Intensity Predicts Functional Outcomes in the Operative Management of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.

Study Design: Prospective single institutional cohort study on degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) from 2009 to 2022.

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship among preoperative spinal cord signal change, postoperative signal change evolution, and functional outcome in patients undergoing surgery for DCM.

Summary Of Background Data: There is conflicting evidence on whether spinal cord signal intensity influences functional outcomes in patients with DCM.

Biportal Endoscopic Approach for Lumbar Degenerative Disease in the Ambulatory Outpatient vs Inpatient Setting: A Comparative Study.

Background: Biportal spinal endoscopy is increasingly utilized for lumbar disc herniations and lumbar stenosis. The objective was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the technique in the outpatient vs inpatient setting.

Methods: This is a comparative study of consecutive patients who underwent biportal spinal endoscopy by a single surgeon at a single institution.

Clinical outcomes and complications after biportal endoscopic spine surgery: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 3673 cases.

Purpose: Current literature suggests that biportal spinal endoscopy is safe and effective in treating lumbar spine pathology such as lumbar disc herniation, lumbar stenosis, and degenerative spondylolisthesis. No prior study has investigated the postoperative outcomes or complication profile of the technique as a whole. This study serves as the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of biportal spinal endoscopy in the lumbar spine.

Spondylolisthesis and mismatch deformity affect outcomes after total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Little published data currently exist regarding the potential relationships between spondylolisthesis, mismatch deformity, and clinical outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesize that preexisting spondylolisthesis will result in decreased functional outcomes after TKA.

Methods: This retrospective cohort comparison of 933 TKAs was performed between January 2017 and 2020.

Development and External Validation of a Risk Calculator for Prediction of Major Complications and Readmission After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Study Design: A retrospective, case-control study.

Objective: We aim to build a risk calculator predicting major perioperative complications after anterior cervical fusion. In addition, we aim to externally validate this calculator with an institutional cohort of patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

National trends in the utilization of lumbar disc replacement for lumbar degenerative disc disease over a 10-year period, 2010 to 2019.

Background: Lumbar fusion (LF) is commonly performed to manage lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD) that has failed conservative measures. However, lumbar disc replacement (LDR) procedures are increasingly prevalent and designed to preserve motion in carefully selected patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), queried from 2010 to 2019 to identify patients undergoing single and double-level LF or LDR with a diagnosis of LDDD using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9th (ICD-9) and 10th (ICD-10) revision diagnostic and procedure codes.

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Second-Eye Cataract Surgery on Motor Function.

Cataract removal surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedure in developed countries. The financial and staff resource cost that first-eye cataract surgery incurs, leads to restricted access to second-eye cataract surgery (SES) in some areas, including the United Kingdom. These restrictions have been imposed despite a lack of knowledge about the impact of not performing SES on visuo-motor function.

Severity and location of lumbar spine stenosis affects the outcome of total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Recent studies have noted that patients with pre-existing lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) have lower functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Given that LSS manifests heterogeneously in location and severity, its influence on knee replacement merits a radiographically targeted analysis. We hypothesize that patients with more severe LSS will have diminished knee mobility before and after TKA.

Exploring the effects of degraded vision on sensorimotor performance.

Purpose: Many people experience unilateral degraded vision, usually owing to a developmental or age-related disorder. There are unresolved questions regarding the extent to which such unilateral visual deficits impact on sensorimotor performance; an important issue as sensorimotor limitations can constrain quality of life by restricting 'activities of daily living'. Examination of the relationship between visual deficit and sensorimotor performance is essential for determining the functional implications of ophthalmic conditions.

Intermittent and Transient Hypotension-related Anterior Cord Syndrome following Elective Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report.

Introduction: Anterior cord syndrome (ACS) is a type of incomplete spinal cord injury caused by either direct compression of the anterior spinal cord, or by ischemia of the anterior spinal artery. This phenomenon has neither been described transiently nor intraoperatively.

Case Report: We describe the case of a 61-year-old male who developed intermittent and transient anterior spinal cord syndrome secondary to hypotension related hypoperfusion of the anterior spinal artery after elective cervical spine surgery.

Spinal Cord Drift Following Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Background: Cervical laminoplasty and laminectomy and fusion (LF) are posterior-based surgical techniques for the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Interestingly, the comparative amount of spinal cord drift obtained from these procedures has not been extensively described. The purpose of this study is to compare spinal cord drift between cervical laminoplasty and LF in patients with CSM.

Predictors of Medical Malpractice Outcomes After Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Analysis From 2010 to 2019.

Study Design: Retrospective review of spine surgery malpractice cases.

Objectives: The aim was to compare medical malpractice outcomes among different types of spine surgery and identify predictors of litigation outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: Spine surgery is highly litigious in the United States with data suggesting favorable outcomes for defendant surgeons.

Updated external validation of the SORG machine learning algorithms for prediction of ninety-day and one-year mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis.

Background Context: Surgical decompression and stabilization in the setting of spinal metastasis is performed to relieve pain and preserve functional status. These potential benefits must be weighed against the risks of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Accurate prediction of a patient's postoperative survival is a crucial component of patient counseling.

Lumbar Spine Sagittal Mismatch Deformity Negatively Affects Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes.

There is currently a paucity of data regarding the potential relationships between preexisting spinal deformity and clinical outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We sought to expand upon this deficit. We hypothesize that lumbar sagittal mismatch deformity (MD) will correlate with a decrease in functional outcomes after TKA.

Implications of sagittal alignment and complication profile with stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion versus anterior posterior lumbar fusion.

Background: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is commonly utilized in lumbar degenerative pathologies. Standalone ALIF (ST-ALIF) systems were developed to avoid added morbidity, surgical time, and cost of anterior and posterior fusion (APF). Controversy exists in the literature about which of these two techniques yields superior clinical and radiographic outcomes, and few studies have directly compared them.

Drivers use active gaze to monitor waypoints during automated driving.

Automated vehicles (AVs) will change the role of the driver, from actively controlling the vehicle to primarily monitoring it. Removing the driver from the control loop could fundamentally change the way that drivers sample visual information from the scene, and in particular, alter the gaze patterns generated when under AV control. To better understand how automation affects gaze patterns this experiment used tightly controlled experimental conditions with a series of transitions from 'Manual' control to 'Automated' vehicle control.

Predicting takeover response to silent automated vehicle failures.

Current and foreseeable automated vehicles are not able to respond appropriately in all circumstances and require human monitoring. An experimental examination of steering automation failure shows that response latency, variability and corrective manoeuvring systematically depend on failure severity and the cognitive load of the driver. The results are formalised into a probabilistic predictive model of response latencies that accounts for failure severity, cognitive load and variability within and between drivers.

Exploring the Presence of Core Skills for Surgical Practice Through Simulation.

Objective: The ability to simulate procedures in silico has transformed surgical training and practice. Today's simulators, designed for the training of a highly specialized set of procedures, also present a powerful scientific tool for understanding the neural control processes that underpin the learning and application of surgical skills. Here, we examined whether 2 simulators designed for training in 2 different surgical domains could be used to examine the extent to which fundamental sensorimotor skills transcend surgical specialty.