Rates of School Absences in Pediatric Scoliosis Patients and Work Absences in Their Parents/Caregivers: A Retrospective Analysis.

: The burden of scoliosis care extends beyond treatment costs and includes missed school for patients and lost income for parents. Chronic absenteeism, defined as more than 18 days of missed school, can have a significant impact on a child's educational progression, but missed school and work due to scoliosis treatment are not well quantified in the literature. This study investigates absenteeism among scoliosis patients and their caregivers.

In Supracondylar Humerus Fractures With Nerve Injury, Does Time to Surgery Impact Recovery?

Background: Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are common and present with associated nerve injuries in 11% to 42% of cases. Historically, SCH fractures with neurological compromise warranted urgent surgical intervention. A recent study showed that treatment delay is acceptable in patients with isolated anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) injury.

Liposomal bupivacaine plus intrathecal hydromorphone associated with shortened length of stay and decreased opioid use in pediatric patients following posterior spinal fusion surgery.

Purpose: We aimed to determine if the use of intrathecal (IT) hydromorphone and/or liposomal bupivacaine (LB) decreased the amount of postoperative and post-discharge opioids for pediatric patients undergoing fusion (PSF) surgery to treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods: A retrospective review of AIS patients undergoing PSF surgery was conducted. Hospital LOS, and inpatient and post-discharge opioid use were compared.

Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Restoration of External Rotation in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury.

Objective: Patients with brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBIs) are at risk for limitations in shoulder external rotation. The role of lower trapezius tendon transfer to restore shoulder external rotation in this population has not been well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of lower trapezius tendon transfer for restoration of external rotation in a subset of pediatric patients.

Long-Term Outcomes at Skeletal Maturity of Combined Pelvic and Femoral Osteotomy for the Treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease.

Surgical treatment for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is recommended for older children with moderate to severe disease. We sought to determine whether double osteotomies lead to improved radiologic outcomes compared to reported non-operative outcomes. Patients older than 6 years of age diagnosed with LCPD lateral pillar B or C who were treated with pelvic and femoral osteotomies were included.

Comparison of Fixation Techniques for Lower Extremity Rotationplasty.

Background: Rotationplasty is a reconstructive, limb-sparing surgery indicated for patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal tumors. The procedure involves rotation of the distal lower extremity to allow the ankle to function as the new knee joint and provide an optimum weight-bearing surface for prosthetic use. Historically there is limited data comparing fixation techniques.

Does Shorter Time to Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Impact Clinical Outcomes?

Background: Treatment of supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures within 18 hours of presentation is a tracked quality metric for ranking of pediatric hospitals. This is in contrast with literature that shows time to treatment does not impact outcomes in SCH fractures. We aim to determine whether an 18-hour cutoff for pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture treatment is clinically significant by comparing the complication risks ofpatients on either side of this timepoint.

Normative Femoral and Tibial Lengths in a Modern Population of Twenty-First-Century U.S. Children.

Background: The Green-Anderson (GA) leg-length data remain the gold standard for the age-based assessment of leg lengths in children despite their methodologic weaknesses. We aimed to summarize current growth trends among a cross-sectional cohort of modern U.S.

Predictors of Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Pediatric Surgical Treatment of Developmental Hip Dysplasia at 20-Year Follow-Up.

Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for pediatric developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to report long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes, survivorship free of total hip arthroplasty (THA), and predictors of subsequent THA following childhood treatment of DDH. This study was a single-institution retrospective review of hips treated for DDH with closed or open reduction at a minimum 10-year follow-up.

Bedside hip aspiration results in decrease in total general anesthesia time in pediatric patients: A multicenter study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare pediatric hip aspiration in the operating room under general anesthesia or via bedside aspiration under moderate sedation and delineate the anesthetic time required.

Methods: A database query conducted at two academic institutions identified all patients under the age of 17 who underwent hip aspiration between 2000 and 2017. At one institution, aspiration was performed in the operating room under general anesthesia.

Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring for Postoperative Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels are frequently checked through venipuncture [invasive hemoglobin (iHgb)] in pediatric orthopaedic patients after high blood loss procedures. This needlestick may causes further anxiety and fear in hospitalized children. Noninvasive hemoglobin (nHgb) monitoring has been effectively utilized in the adult intensive care and postoperative total joint arthroplasty setting.

Vertebral body tethering compared to posterior spinal fusion for skeletally immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: preliminary results from a matched case-control study.

Purpose: Direct comparisons between vertebral body tethering (VBT) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are limited. We aimed to evaluate 2-year results of VBT and PSF to report comparative outcomes.

Methods: 26 prospectively enrolled VBT patients were matched 1:1 by age, gender, Risser sign and major curve magnitude with PSF patients.

Tiered Guidelines in a Pediatric Orthopaedic Practice Reduce Opioids Prescribed at Discharge.

Background: Data regarding opioid prescribing patterns following pediatric orthopaedic procedures is limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of tiered guidelines for discharge opioid prescriptions following common pediatric orthopaedic procedures.

Methods: Quality improvement project conducted at a single academic institution.

The Open Triradiate Cartilage: How Young Is Too Young for Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background: There is, to our knowledge, no published literature regarding primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in pediatric patients with an open triradiate cartilage. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes following primary THA in pediatric patients with open triradiate cartilage at a single intuition.

Methods: Using a single institution's Total Joint Registry, 12 patients (13 hips) were identified as having undergone primary THA with open triradiate cartilage between the years of 2000 and 2019.

Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: A Critical Analysis Review.

»: The incidence of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) in the United States is declining and now occurs in <1 per 1,000 births.

»: The gold standard for predicting the need for early intervention remains serial examination.

»: Early treatment of BPBI with reconstructive surgery requires the ability to perform both interposition nerve grafting and nerve transfers.

Trends in Incidence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Modern US Population-based Study.

Background: A successful disease screening strategy requires a high incidence of the condition, efficacy of early treatment, and efficient detection. There is limited population-based data describing trends in incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the United States and potential role of school screening programs on the incidence of AIS. Thus, we sought to evaluate the incidence of AIS over a 20-year period between 1994 and 2013 using a population-based cohort.

Is the axial spinal cord classification predictive of intraoperative neurologic alert for pediatric scoliosis patients? An independent retrospective validation study.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether the axial spinal cord classification by Sielatycki et al. would be associated with increased intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts for pediatric scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery.

Methods: Children less than age 19 with scoliosis undergoing PSF were retrospectively reviewed.

Rate of Complications and Subsequent Shoulder Complaints for Non-operatively Managed Pediatric Proximal Humerus Fractures.

The purpose of the study was to describe the early complications and delayed shoulder complaints of non-displaced or minimally displaced pediatric proximal humerus fractures treated non-operatively. Retrospective review of all pediatric proximal humerus fractures at a single institution from 2001 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were: AP and axillary radiographs upon presentation and final follow up, one follow up appointment, either a non-displaced or minimally displaced fracture, and open physis.

Intercalary Allograft Reconstruction of the Proximal Tibia With and Without a Free Fibula Flap in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Limb salvage of the proximal tibia can be difficult due to the growth potential of and functional demands of the pediatric patients. Multiple reconstruction techniques exist, however, the ideal form of reconstruction is yet to be elucidated. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate outcomes in patients with an intercalary resection of the proximal tibia reconstructed with an allograft with or without a free vascularized fibula flap (FVF).

Does Shorter Time to Treatment of Pediatric Femur Shaft Fractures Impact Clinical Outcomes?

Background: Annual rankings by US News and World Report are a widely utilized metric by both health care leaders and patients. One longstanding measure is time to treatment of femur shaft fractures. Hospitals able to provide at least 80% of pediatric patients with an operating room start time within 18 hours of admission to the emergency department score better as part of the overall pediatric orthopaedic ranking.

Intraoperative Computed Tomography-Guided Navigation for Pediatric Spine Patients Reduced Return to Operating Room for Screw Malposition Compared With Freehand/Fluoroscopic Techniques.

Purpose: Placement of pedicle screws can be performed using freehand/fluoroscopic technique or intraoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided navigation. We sought to compare screw malposition and return to operating room (OR) for pedicle screw malposition for screws placed with and without CT-guided navigation.

Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective comparative study.