Complementary auditory and Visual Naming Tests: Revised and updated for ages 16-55 years.

Historically, naming has been assessed with visual object naming; however, we have found that auditory description naming significantly enhances lateralization and localization of dysfunction. We previously published auditory naming (ANT) and complementary Visual Naming Tests (VNT) for young adults, and recently developed these measures for children (ages 6-15 years) and older adults (ages 56-100 years). Here, we update the original stimuli and more rigorously norm the tests for ages 16-55, addressing prior limitations.

Naming in Older Adults: Complementary Auditory and Visual Assessment.

Objectives: Naming difficulty is a common symptom of multiple age-related neurodegenerative disorders. As naming difficulty increases with age, valid, up-to-date naming assessment tools are crucial for differentiating between neurotypical changes in healthy aging and pathological naming difficulty. We aimed to develop and provide normative data for complementary auditory description naming and visual naming tests for older adults.

Cortical naming sites and increasing age in adults with refractory epilepsy: More might be less.

Objective: Critical decisions regarding resection boundaries for epilepsy surgery are often based on results of electrical stimulation mapping (ESM). Despite the potentially serious implications for postoperative functioning, age-referenced data that might facilitate the procedure are lacking. Age might be particularly relevant, as pediatric ESM studies have shown a paucity of language sites in young children followed by a rapid increase at approximately 8-10 years.

Noninvasive identification of seizure lateralization in children: Name that thing.

Objective: With this prospective, observational study, we aimed to determine whether noninvasive language tasks, developed specifically for children, could reliably identify the hemisphere of seizure onset in pediatric epilepsy.

Methods: Seventy-eight children with unilateral epilepsy (44 left), aged 6-15 years (mean age = 11.8, SD = 2.

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH PRESSURE SORES IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL.

Objective: Despite advances in medical care, patients who are hospitalized or have spinal cord injuries often develop pressure sores. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pressure sores and evaluate factors associated with recurrence and cure.

Methods: In this historical cohort study, clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records between 1997 and 2016.

Auditory and visual naming tests for children.

Assessment of naming in children has been hampered by the use of tests that were developed, either to assess naming in adults or to assess related verbal functions in children. We developed comparable visual naming test (VNT) and auditory description naming (ANT) specifically for children. We collected normative data, not only for accuracy, typically the sole performance measure, but also for response time (RT) and reliance on phonemic cuing.

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer: comparative analysis of early and delayed reconstruction.

Background: Early reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer with definitive implants has been widely used, especially with the evolution of conservative surgical breast cancer treatments. We aimed to identify different characteristics associated with plastic surgery, based on immediate or delayed reconstruction time and evaluate quality of life in patients undergoing mastectomy for cancer.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study that evaluated adult patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer and breast reconstruction in Plastic Surgery Service at a tertiary hospital.

Does cortical mapping protect naming if surgery includes hippocampal resection?

Objective: Preresection electrical stimulation mapping is frequently used to identify cortical sites critical for visual object naming. These sites are typically spared from surgical resection with the goal of preserving postoperative language. Recent studies, however, suggest a potential role of the hippocampus in naming, although this is inconsistent with neurocognitive models of language and memory.

Hippocampal removal affects visual but not auditory naming.

Objective: Dominant, left anteromedial temporal lobe resection (AMTLR) for seizure control carries risks to verbal episodic memory and visual object naming. Consistent with traditional thinking, verbal memory decline is considered a consequence of hippocampal removal and naming decline has been attributed to lateral temporal resection. Interestingly, recent findings suggest a potential relation between visual naming and hippocampal integrity, which is consistent with studies that link the hippocampus with higher level visual processing.

Localization of cortical dysfunction based on auditory and visual naming performance.

Naming is generally considered a left-hemisphere function without precise localization. However, recent cortical stimulation studies demonstrate a modality-related anatomical dissociation, in that anterior temporal stimulation disrupts auditory description naming ("auditory naming") but not visual object naming ("visual naming"), whereas posterior temporal stimulation disrupts naming on both tasks. We hypothesized that patients with anterior temporal abnormalities would exhibit impaired auditory naming, yet normal range visual naming, whereas patients with posterior temporal abnormalities would exhibit impaired performance on both tasks.

Evidence for cortical reorganization of language in patients with hippocampal sclerosis.

Naming is mediated by perisylvian cortex in the left (language-dominant) hemisphere, and thus, left anterior temporal lobe resection for pharmacologically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) carries risk for post-operative naming decline. Interestingly, this risk is lower in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) relative to those without HS (non-HS). Although the hippocampus has traditionally been considered a critical structure for memory, without contribution to naming, this pattern might implicate direct hippocampal naming involvement.

Brain stimulation reveals critical auditory naming cortex.

One challenge in dominant temporal lobe epilepsy surgery is to remove sufficient epileptogenic tissue without compromising post-operative language functioning. Pre-resection electrical stimulation mapping enables identification of language areas that can be spared from resection, and also provides a unique opportunity to investigate brain-language relationships. Visual object naming is the gold standard for identifying 'essential' language cortex; however, sparing visual naming (VN) sites has not reliably prevented post-operative language decline.

Auditory and visual naming tests: normative and patient data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue.

Naming is typically assessed with visual naming tasks, yet, some patients with genuine word-finding difficulty (evident in auditorily based discourse) show minimal difficulty on such measures. Evidence from cortical mapping, brain imaging and neuropsychological studies suggests that auditory naming measures might provide more relevant or at least, complementary information. We developed comparable auditory and visual naming tests and present normative data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue responses based on 100 controls.