Phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of elagolix in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of elagolix, a GnRH antagonist, to treat polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Design: A phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Outpatient and academic medical centers.

Bone Mineral Density Changes Associated With Pregnancy, Lactation, and Medical Treatments in Premenopausal Women and Effects Later in Life.

Bone mineral density (BMD) changes during the life span, increasing rapidly during adolescence, plateauing in the third decade of life, and subsequently entering a phase of age-related decline. In women, menopause leads to accelerated bone loss and an increase in fracture risk. Between peak bone mass attainment and menopause, BMD is generally stable and the risk of fracture is typically low.

Legal considerations in reproductive medicine.

Legal issues affect reproductive medical practice throughout the entire world. The breadth and depth of this interrelationship extend far beyond the scope of one series of articles in Views and Reviews. Given this limitation, we have chosen to present five topics, all different, but illustrative of key concepts that influence our practice of reproductive medicine.

Predictors of response for elagolix with add-back therapy in women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids.

Background: Uterine fibroids are one of the most common neoplasms found among women globally, with a prevalence of approximately 11 million women in the United States alone. The morbidity of this common disease is significant because it is the leading cause of hysterectomy and causes significant functional impairment for women of reproductive age. Factors including age, body mass index, race, ethnicity, menstrual blood loss, fibroid location, and uterine and fibroid volume influence the incidence of fibroids and severity of symptoms.

Elagolix Treatment for Up to 12 Months in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Uterine Leiomyomas.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of elagolix, an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, with hormonal add-back therapy for up to 12 months in women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas.

Methods: Elaris UF-EXTEND was a phase 3 extension study that evaluated an additional 6 months (up to 12 months total) of elagolix 300 mg twice daily with hormonal add-back therapy (estradiol 1 mg and norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg once daily) in women who completed an initial 6 months of the same treatment in one of two preceding phase 3 studies.

Pregnancy registry: three-year follow-up of children conceived from letrozole, clomiphene, or gonadotropins.

Objective: To study the development of children conceived from non-IVF infertility treatments consisting of gonadotropins, clomiphene, or letrozole.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: U.

Elagolix for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Women with Uterine Fibroids.

Background: Uterine fibroids are hormone-responsive neoplasms that are associated with heavy menstrual bleeding. Elagolix, an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist resulting in rapid, reversible suppression of ovarian sex hormones, may reduce fibroid-associated bleeding.

Methods: We conducted two identical, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month phase 3 trials (Elaris Uterine Fibroids 1 and 2 [UF-1 and UF-2]) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of elagolix at a dose of 300 mg twice daily with hormonal "add-back" therapy (to replace reduced levels of endogenous hormones; in this case, estradiol, 1 mg, and norethindrone acetate, 0.

Introduction: An update on bone metabolism and osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis continues to be a major public health challenge in both women and men. There are more than 2 million low-impact fractures in the United States every year, 39% of which occur in men. The mortality rate in the first year after hip fracture is estimated at 20% to 25% in women and is even higher in men.

Diagnosis and clinical delineation of mosaic tetrasomy 5p.

Objective: Our objective was to review the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of tetrasomy 5p from the fetal period until adulthood including prenatal diagnostic evaluations.

Background: Tetrasomy 5p is a rare chromosomal abnormality. Of the 14 reports, most document mosaic tetrasomy 5p resulting from a supernumerary marker chromosome or isochromosome.

Introduction: Impact of nutrition on reproduction: an overview.

This Views and Reviews explores existing data regarding the impact of nutrition, supplements, and lifestyle changes as they relate to weight on the fertility of both men and women. Challenges and shortcomings in developing and performing well-designed studies of nutrition and fertility are reviewed in these five papers, and the best evidence is presented. Recommendations are made based on the data, such as they are.

Gestational Weight Gain in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study.

Context: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk for pregnancy complications, possibly related to pre-existing obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG).

Objectives: To assess the contributions of diagnosis and preconception weight on GWG and perinatal outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies in PCOS (n = 164) and ovulatory controls (n = 176) from infertility treatment.