Publications by authors named "William S Jenkins"
Background: Type 2 myocardial infarction is caused by myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance, and its diagnosis is increasingly common with the advent of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Although this diagnosis is associated with poor outcomes, widespread uncertainty and confusion remain among clinicians as to how to investigate and manage this heterogeneous group of patients with type 2 myocardial infarction.
Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 8064 consecutive patients with increased cardiac troponin concentrations were screened to identify patients with type 2 myocardial infarction.
Background: Aortic atherosclerosis represents an important contributor to ischemic stroke risk. Identifying patients with high-risk aortic atheroma could improve preventative treatment strategies for future ischemic stroke.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether thoracic F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) could improve the identification of patients at the highest risk of ischemic stroke.
Objective: First-phase ejection fraction (EF1) is a novel measure of early left ventricular systolic dysfunction. We investigated determinants of EF1 and its prognostic value in aortic stenosis.
Methods: EF1 was measured retrospectively in participants of an echocardiography/cardiovascular magnetic resonance cohort study which recruited patients with aortic stenosis (peak aortic velocity of ≥2 m/s) between 2012 and 2014.
Objectives: Intraplaque angiogenesis and inflammation are key promoters of atherosclerosis and are mediated by the alpha-V beta-3 (αβ) integrin pathway. We investigated the applicability of the αβ-integrin receptor-selective positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer 18F-fluciclatide in assessing human aortic atherosclerosis.
Methods: Vascular 18F-fluciclatide binding was evaluated using ex vivo analysis of carotid endarterectomy samples with autoradiography and immunohistochemistry, and in vivo kinetic modelling following radiotracer administration.
Objectives: Macrophages play a central role in the cellular inflammatory response to myocardial infarction (MI) and predict subsequent clinical outcomes. We aimed to assess temporal changes in cellular inflammation and tissue oedema in patients with acute MI using ultrasmallsuperparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced MRI.
Methods: Thirty-one patients were recruited following acute MI and followed up for 3 months with repeated T2 and USPIO-enhanced T2*-mapping MRI.
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have elevated circulating calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi), and exhibit accelerated progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). We hypothesized that matrix vesicles (MVs) initiate the calcification process in CAVD. Ca induced rat valve interstitial cells (VICs) calcification at 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a marker of cardiac mechanical strain hypothesized to adversely impact short-term prognosis after myocardial infarction. We examined the association of sST2 with longer-term outcomes after myocardial infarction in a geographically defined community.
Methods: Olmsted County, Minnesota residents who experienced an incident (first-ever) myocardial infarction between November 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012 were prospectively enrolled; sST2 levels were measured.
Background: Combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) can assess both anatomy and biology of carotid atherosclerosis. We sought to assess whether F-fluoride or F-fluorodeoxyglucose can identify culprit and high-risk carotid plaque.
Methods And Results: We performed F-fluoride and F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in 26 patients after recent transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke: 18 patients with culprit carotid stenosis awaiting carotid endarterectomy and 8 controls without culprit carotid atheroma.
Objective: Maladaptive repair contributes towards the development of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). The αβ integrin receptor is a key mediator and determinant of cardiac repair. We aimed to establish whether αβ integrin expression determines myocardial recovery following MI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: 18F-Fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) can measure disease activity and progression in aortic stenosis. Our objectives were to optimize the methodology, analysis, and scan-rescan reproducibility of aortic valve 18F-fluoride PET-CT imaging.
Methods And Results: Fifteen patients with aortic stenosis underwent repeated 18F-fluoride PET-CT.
Background: Preclinical data suggest that an acute inflammatory response following myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates systemic atherosclerosis. Using combined positron emission and computed tomography, we investigated whether this phenomenon occurs in humans.
Methods And Results: Overall, 40 patients with MI and 40 with stable angina underwent thoracic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose combined positron emission and computed tomography scan.
Calcified aortic stenosis is a condition that affects the valve and the myocardium. As the valve narrows, left ventricular hypertrophy occurs initially as an adaptive mechanism to maintain cardiac output. Ultimately, the ventricle decompensates and patients transition towards heart failure and adverse events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: 18F-Sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) are promising novel biomarkers of disease activity in aortic stenosis. We compared 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG uptake with histological characterization of the aortic valve and assessed whether they predicted disease progression.
Methods And Results: Thirty patients with aortic stenosis underwent combined positron emission and computed tomography using 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG radiotracers.
Valvular heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and with an aging population, its prevalence is increasing. Here, we review the evolving use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in valvular heart disease, with particular focus on calcific aortic stenosis and infective endocarditis. In principle, the activity of any pathological process can be studied, as long as an appropriate radiotracer can be developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present the case of a 68-year-old woman who presented in extremis with a secondary pneumothorax with a past history of severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Following insertion of a 32F intercostal drain, she developed a persistent broncho-pleural fistula and became dependent on negative-pressure wall-mounted suction to prevent respiratory compromise. She declined definitive surgical intervention and was therefore managed conservatively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDemographics and treatment options for orbital roof fractures.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
March 2002
Objective: The purpose of this article was to review the frequency, germane anatomy, management modalities, and complications associated with the treatment of orbital roof fractures in the pediatric and the adult population.
Study Design: A review of the past 30 years of the English-language maxillofacial surgical literature was undertaken. Important concepts were coupled with the authors' experience to provide a synopsis of contemporary thought on this topic.