Crude oil exposure of early life stages of Atlantic haddock suggests threshold levels for developmental toxicity as low as 0.1 μg total polyaromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH)/L.

Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) embryos bind dispersed crude oil droplets to the eggshell and are consequently highly susceptible to toxicity from spilled oil. We established thresholds for developmental toxicity and identified any potential long-term or latent adverse effects that could impair the growth and survival of individuals. Embryos were exposed to oil for eight days (10, 80 and 300 μg oil/L, equivalent to 0.

Leaching of flame-retardants from polystyrene debris: Bioaccumulation and potential effects on coral.

Marine plastic debris can act as a reservoir of chemical additives that can pose a potential threat to sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs. A survey of foam macrodebris collected on beaches indeed revealed high concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes (ΣHBCDD) in polystyrene (PS) samples (up to 1940 μg g). Results also showed that PS fragments can still leach over 150 ng g d of ΣHBCDD (primarily as the α-isomer) for relatively long durations, and that these additives are readily bioaccumulated and well-retained by corals.

Establishing a link between composition and toxicity of offshore produced waters using comprehensive analysis techniques - A way forward for discharge monitoring?

Extracts of produced waters from five mature Norwegian Sea oil fields were examined as total organic extracts (TOEs) and after fractionation into operationally-defined 'polar' and 'apolar' fractions. The TOEs and fractions were examined by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), two dimensional GC-MS (GC × GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with high-resolution spectrometry (LC-HRMS) techniques. Low molecular weight aromatics, phenols and other common petroleum-derived hydrocarbons were characterized and quantified in the TOEs and fractions.

Volatile and semi-volatile components of jetsam ambergris.

Volatile and semi-volatile compounds account for the odors, long valued in the perfumery industry, of the natural product, ambergris. Here we demonstrate application of solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to headspace analysis of the volatiles and semi-volatiles of jetsam ambergris. The samples collected in 2017/2018, ranged from a black, sticky material from New Zealand, likely recently ejected from a sperm whale, to a white solid found on a beach in Chile and radiocarbon-dated previously to be about 1000 years old.

Accumulation and toxicity of monoaromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in early life stages of cod and haddock.

A multitude of recent studies have documented the detrimental effects of crude oil exposure on early life stages of fish, including larvae and embryos. While polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly alkyl PAHs, are often considered the main cause of observed toxic effects, other crude oil derived organic compounds are usually overlooked. In the current study, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was applied to investigate the body burden of a wide range of petrogenic compounds in Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and cod (Gadus morhua) embryos that had been exposed to sublethal doses of dispersed crude oil.

Class Type Separation of the Polar and Apolar Components of Petroleum.

Identification of the heteroatom (nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen)-containing compounds of petroleum is of key importance when considering industrial and environmental issues associated with crude oil production. The more commonly performed methods of crude oil fractionation are often insufficient in the extent to which they separate oils, not allowing defined "molecular" fractions to be obtained. Methods capable of performing a class type separation are uncommon and are often extensive and resource and time intensive.

Superimposed Mongolian spots.

We report four Chinese infants with a darker pigmented Mongolian spot superimposed on another Mongolian spot. The presence of a superimposed Mongolian spot has not been previously reported. Mongolian spots can look similar to a bruise and awareness of these lesions is important to avoid unjustified consideration of injury or child abuse.

Urinary bladder calculi in a sliding vesical-inguinal-scrotal hernia diagnosed preoperatively by plain abdominal radiography.

A sliding inguinal hernia is usually diagnosed during a surgical procedure rather than preoperatively. This report describes a 77-year-old man with a sliding vesicalinguinal-scrotal hernia. The preoperative diagnosis was established by a plain radiograph of the abdomen, which showed bladder calculi within the pelvic cavity and in the right groin area.

Pertussis in adolescents.

Pertussis is a highly communicable respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. In spite of the widespread availability of effective vaccines and high levels of vaccination coverage, a significant resurgence in pertussis has been observed during the past 2 decades. The increase in reported cases is due in large part to infection in adolescents and adults, and waning immunity plays an important role.

Penile and oral angioedema associated with peanut ingestion.

Angioedema is characterized by transient, episodic, nonpruritic, nonpitting and well-defined edema that involves the subcutaneous or submucosal tissue, and most commonly develops in the head and neck region. Angioedema is caused by extravasation of plasma into the interstitial space of the affected tissue. We describe a six-year-old boy who developed oral and penile angioedema subsequent to the ingestion of peanuts.

Hypospadias: an update.

Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of the penis. The problem usually develops sporadically and without an obvious underlying cause. The ectopically positioned urethral meatus lies proximal to the normal site and on the ventral aspect of the penis, and in severe cases opens onto the scrotum or perineum.

Recurrent panniculitis in an adolescent boy with Prader-Willi syndrome.

We describe recurrent panniculitis in a 15-year-old boy with Prader-Willi syndrome. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously reported.

Traveler's diarrhea.

Travelers' diarrhea is common. Between 8% and 50% of travelers develop diarrhea; incidence depends on the country visited. The attack rate is highest for travelers from a developed country who visit a developing country.

Natal teeth: a review.

The incidence of natal teeth is approximately 1:2,000 to 1:3,000 live births. The most commonly affected teeth are the lower primary central incisors. Natal teeth usually occur in pairs.

Successful alpha-1 receptor blockade therapy in a toddler with infrequent and difficult voiding.

A 3-year-old neurologically intact and behaviorally normal boy developed infrequent and difficult voiding subsequent to a soft tissue injury to the glans penis. Symptoms persisted for at least 9 months, and the course was complicated by diagnostic imaging evidence of a "markedly distended" bladder and a voiding diary that suggested elevated bladder volumes. Treatment with an alpha-1 receptor blocker normalized voiding within 24 hours.

Penile dog bite in an adolescent.

Dog bites to the external genitalia are rare. In this case, a 16-year-old boy suffered a dog bite wound to the penis. The wound was cleansed with copious amounts of sterile normal saline by means of high-pressure syringe irrigation.

Urinary tract infection due to Salmonella stanleyville in an otherwise healthy child.

A healthy four-year-old boy developed a febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Salmonella stanleyville. The UTI developed following an episode of enteritis due to the same organism. Salmonella UTI is uncommon and is reported more often in patients with a predisposing factor, such as immune deficiency or a structural abnormality, in the urinary tract.

Percutaneous treatment of long superficial femoral artery occlusive disease: efficacy of the Hemobahn stent-graft.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of the Hemobahn stent-graft in the percutaneous treatment of long occlusive lesions of the superficial femoral artery (SFA).

Methods: Fifty-nine limbs in 54 patients (42 men; mean age 73.3+/-8.