Practical Chemoselective Acylation: Organocatalytic Chemodivergent Esterification and Amidation of Amino Alcohols with N-Carbonylimidazoles.

Chemoselective transformations are a cornerstone of efficient organic synthesis; however, achieving this goal for even simple transformations, such as acylation reactions, is often a challenge. We report that N-carbonylimidazoles enable catalytic chemodivergent aniline or alcohol acylation in the presence of pyridinium ions or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.

Metrology and sensors as dermo-cosmetic technology opportunities for a change of paradigm.

Objective: Metrology and measures are changing the way patients and consumers behave and help find new, more effective solutions.

Methods: This Review and Prospective Paper identifies applications in the field of dermatology and beauty tech.

Results: The review of skincare as well as dermatological applications and analysis provides a comprehensive picture of the dynamics in the process of impacting the complete value chain in the field of dermo-cosmetics, as well as the opportunities offered by a strict approach around new and innovative measures, especially in the field of better patient/consumer knowledge, understanding, and personalized solution offering.

The baric probe: a novel long-term implantable intracranial pressure monitor with ultrasound-based interrogation.

Object: Prompt diagnosis of shunt malfunction is critical in preventing neurological morbidity and death in individuals with hydrocephalus; however, diagnostic methods for this condition remain limited. For several decades, investigators have sought a long-term, implantable intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor to assist in the diagnosis of shunt malfunction, but efforts have been impeded by device complexity, marked measurement drift, and limited instrumentation lifespan. In the current report, the authors introduce an entirely novel, simple, compressible gas design that addresses each of these problems.

Performance of new GPU-based scan-conversion algorithm implemented using OpenGL.

A new GPU-based scan-conversion algorithm implemented using OpenGL is described. The compute performance of this new algorithm running on a modem GPU is compared to the performance of three common scan-conversion algorithms (nearest-neighbor, linear interpolation and bilinear interpolation) implemented in software using a modem CPU. The quality of the images produced by the algorithm, as measured by signal-to-noise power, is also compared to the quality of the images produced using these three common scan-conversion algorithms.

A high-frame rate duplex ultrasound biomicroscopy for small animal imaging in vivo.

Much of the current knowledge of human cardiovascular pathologies and treatment strategies has been gained from understanding the cardiac physiologies and functions in small animal models, such as mice, rats, and zebrafish. In this paper, we present the development of a high-frame-rate duplex ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) capable of B-mode imaging and pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler measurement for in vivo cardiovascular investigation in small animals. A frame rate of 200 frames per second (fps) was accomplished at a view of 5 mm x 8 mm, using a novel high-speed sector probe and specially designed lightweight transducers.

A low-cost B-mode USB ultrasound probe.

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is now the ubiquitous interface bus of choice for connecting peripherals to personal computers and laptops. USB 2.0 is a half-duplex bus running at 480 Mb/s and each peripheral can draw as much as 500 mA of current at a nominal 5 V from the USB connector.

A high-frame rate high-frequency ultrasonic system for cardiac imaging in mice.

We report the development of a high-frequency (30-50 MHz), real-time ultrasonic imaging system for cardiac imaging in mice. This system is capable of producing images at 130 frames per second (fps) with a spatial resolution of less than 50 microm. A novel mechanical sector probe was developed that utilizes a magnetic drive mechanism and custom-built servo controller for high speed and accuracy.

A scalable architecture for real-time synthetic-focus imaging.

A scalable architecture for forming real-time synthetic focus images is described and the design of a 256-channel system using currently-available technology is presented as an example implementation of the architecture. The parallelism of the system scales directly with the number of array elements and the image computation rate for a given image size (in pixels) stays constant as the number of array elements is increased. The system leverages earlier work in the real-time generation of the required time-of-flight surfaces and allows either real-time image generation or iterative adaptive image generation from a single complete data set.