Aggressive approach to salvage non-maturing arteriovenous fistulae: a retrospective study with follow-up.

Purpose: To establish a standardized approach for the maturation of non-maturing arteriovenous fistulae.

Methods: Consecutive patients (n=122) with non-maturing fistulae presented to our outpatient vascular access center for percutaneous interventions to assist in maturation. The techniques used included flow rerouting, competing branch vein elimination, staged balloon angioplasty, and limited controlled extravasation.