Impact of Patient-reported Symptom Information on the Interpretation of MRI of the Lumbar Spine.

Background Distinguishing lumbar pain generators from incidental findings at MRI can be difficult. Dictated reports may become lists of findings that cannot be ranked in order of diagnostic importance. Purpose To determine whether patient-reported symptom information can improve the interpretation of lumbar spine MRI by using the spine specialist as the reference standard.

Coming and going: A narrative review exploring the push-pull factors during nurses' careers.

Background: Shortages of nurses are one of the biggest challenges healthcare systems face around the world. Given the wide range of contexts and individuals working in nursing, a 'one-size-fits-all' retention strategy is unlikely to be effective. Knowing what matters most to nurses at different career stages would help employers and policy-makers who want to enhance nurse retention to design tailored strategies.

A Computational Account of the Development and Evolution of Psychotic Symptoms.

The mechanisms of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions are often investigated in fully formed illness, well after symptoms emerge. These investigations have yielded key insights but are not well positioned to reveal the dynamic forces underlying symptom formation itself. Understanding symptom development over time would allow us to identify steps in the pathophysiological process leading to psychosis, shifting the focus of psychiatric intervention from symptom alleviation to prevention.

Chatbots as Patient Education Resources for Aesthetic Facial Plastic Surgery: Evaluation of ChatGPT and Google Bard Responses.

ChatGPT and Google Bard™ are popular artificial intelligence chatbots with utility for patients, including those undergoing aesthetic facial plastic surgery. To compare the accuracy and readability of chatbot-generated responses to patient education questions regarding aesthetic facial plastic surgery using a response accuracy scale and readability testing. ChatGPT and Google Bard™ were asked 28 identical questions using four prompts: none, patient friendly, eighth-grade level, and references.

A computational account of the development and evolution of psychotic symptoms.

The mechanisms of psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions are often investigated in fully-formed illness, well after symptoms emerge. These investigations have yielded key insights, but are not well-positioned to reveal the dynamic forces underlying symptom formation itself. Understanding symptom development over time would allow us to identify steps in the pathophysiological process leading to psychosis, shifting the focus of psychiatric intervention from symptom alleviation to prevention.

Unraveling the Phenotypic States of Human innate-like T Cells: Comparative Insights with Conventional T Cells and Mouse Models.

The "innate-like" T cell compartment, known as T, represents a diverse group of T cells that straddle the boundary between innate and adaptive immunity, having the ability to mount rapid responses following activation. In mice, this ability is acquired during thymic development. We explored the transcriptional landscape of T compared to conventional T cells (T) in the human thymus and blood using single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry.

A review of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To evaluate existing literature to understand the utility and safety of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: A literature review was conducted by two authors to search for studies from the inception of two databases until March 1, 2023. Studies in which participants were under 18 years of age and underwent UPPP for OSA or upper airway obstruction were selected.

HLA-DPB1*13:01 associates with enhanced, and KIR2DS4*001 with diminished protection from developing severe COVID-19.

Extreme polymorphism of HLA and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) differentiates immune responses across individuals. Additional to T cell receptor interactions, subsets of HLA class I act as ligands for inhibitory and activating KIR, allowing natural killer (NK) cells to detect and kill infected cells. We investigated the impact of HLA and KIR polymorphism on the severity of COVID-19.

The Use and Perceptions of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale by Nursing Personnel.

Background: In 2010, the Office of the US Army Surgeon General recommended the Veterans Administration (VA) assess pain using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS). One item in the DVPRS is for measuring pain intensity. This item contains a combination of five response metrics: categories, faces, colors, numbers, and functional descriptors.

Clinical and genetic predictors of cardiac dysfunction assessed by echocardiography in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis.

Purpose: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) may cause iron deposition in cardiac tissue. We aimed to describe the echocardiographic findings in patients with HH and identify risk factors for cardiac dysfunction.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients with HH who underwent transthoracic echocardiography at our tertiary care center between August 2000 and July 2022.

Contrasting allelic effects for pistachio salinity tolerance in juvenile and mature trees.

Breeding perennial tree crops often requires prediction of mature performance from juvenile data. To assess the utility of juvenile screens to predict salinity tolerance of mature pistachio trees, we compared performance of 3-month ungrafted seedlings and 4-year-old grafted rootstocks under salinity stress. The QTL allele associated with higher salt exclusion from seedling leaves conferred lower growth in saline field conditions, suggesting that mapping QTL in seedlings may be easier than discerning the optimal allele for field performance.

Challenges facing mental health systems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 14 European and North American countries.

We assessed challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic presented for mental health systems and the responses to these challenges in 14 countries in Europe and North America. Experts from each country filled out a structured questionnaire with closed- and open-ended questions between January and June 2021. We conducted thematic analysis to investigate the qualitative responses to open-ended questions, and we summarized the responses to closed-ended survey items on changes in telemental health policies and regulations.

Posterior capsule edema in adhesive capsulitis: comparison with established non-contrast MRI findings and multivariable analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate posterior glenohumeral capsule edema compared to other MRI findings in adhesive capsulitis (AC).

Methods: This study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board and it is HIPAA compliant. A retrospective search identified subjects who received fluoroscopically guided intra-articular corticosteroid injections for AC and had an MRI within 6 months prior to injection.

Polymorphic KIR3DL3 expression modulates tissue-resident and innate-like T cells.

Most human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and recognize HLA class I molecules as ligands. KIR3DL3 is a conserved but polymorphic inhibitory KIR recognizing a B7 family ligand, HHLA2, and is implicated for immune checkpoint targeting. The expression profile and biological function of KIR3DL3 have been somewhat elusive, so we searched extensively for KIR3DL3 transcripts, revealing highly enriched expression in γδ and CD8 T cells rather than NK cells.

Pituitary Adenomas as a Barometer for Health Care Access.

 Expanding access to care has been shown to impact patient care and disease epidemiology for different disease states, but has not been studied in pituitary adenoma. We hypothesize that increasing access to care-which includes diagnostics-through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid expansion has increased identification of pituitary adenomas.  The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was utilized to identify patients with pituitary adenomas from 2007-to 2016 yielding 39,120 cases.

Racial Disparity in Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Inpatient Pediatric Admissions.

This study aims to evaluate if race and ethnicity affect rates of tympanostomy tube (TT) placement during inpatient pediatric admissions in children with otologic conditions. A review of the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database was conducted based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for common otologic conditions. Among 85 827 weighted pediatric inpatient discharges with ICD-10-CM codes for common otologic conditions, 213 underwent TT placement.

Proposed dietary recommendations for iron overload: a guide for physician practice.

Purpose Of Review: Iron overload disorders such as hemochromatosis involve unregulated absorption of dietary iron, leading to excessive iron accumulation in multiple organs. Phlebotomy is the standard of care for removal of excess iron, but dietary modification is not standardized in practice. The purpose of this article is to help standardize hemochromatosis diet counseling based on commonly asked patient questions.

Complete sequences of six major histocompatibility complex haplotypes, including all the major MHC class II structures.

Accurate and comprehensive immunogenetic reference panels are key to the successful implementation of population-scale immunogenomics. The 5Mbp Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic region of the human genome and associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases, transplant matching and therapy responses. Analysis of MHC genetic variation is severely complicated by complex patterns of sequence variation, linkage disequilibrium and a lack of fully resolved MHC reference haplotypes, increasing the risk of spurious findings on analyzing this medically important region.