The bamboos (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) comprise a major grass lineage with a complex evolutionary history involving ancient hybridization and allopolyploidy. About 1700 described species are classified into three tribes, Olyreae (herbaceous bamboos), Bambuseae (tropical woody bamboos), and Arundinarieae (temperate woody bamboos). Nuclear analyses strongly support monophyly of the woody tribes, whereas plastome analyses strongly support paraphyly, with Bambuseae sister to Olyreae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrass leaf shape is a strong indicator of their habitat with linear leaves predominating in open areas and ovate leaves distinguishing forest-associated grasses. This pattern among extant species suggests that ancestral shifts between forest and open habitats may have coincided with changes in leaf shape or size. We tested relationships between habitat, climate, photosynthetic pathway, and leaf shape and size in a phylogenetic framework to evaluate drivers of leaf shape and size variation over the evolutionary history of the family.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe systematics of grasses has advanced through applications of plastome phylogenomics, although studies have been largely limited to subfamilies or other subgroups of Poaceae. Here we present a plastome phylogenomic analysis of 250 complete plastomes (179 genera) sampled from 44 of the 52 tribes of Poaceae. Plastome sequences were determined from high throughput sequencing libraries and the assemblies represent over 28.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPremise Of The Study: We investigated the little-studied Arundinoideae/Micrairoideae clade of grasses with an innovative plastome phylogenomic approach. This method gives robust results for taxa of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Arundinoideae comprise ∼45 species, although historically was much larger.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudies of complete plastomes have proven informative for our understanding of the molecular evolution and phylogenomics of grasses. In this study, a plastome phylogenomic analysis sampled species from lineages of deeply diverging grasses including (Anomochlooideae), , and . (both Pharoideae).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJoinvilleaceae is a family of tropical grass-like monocots that comprises only the genus Joinvillea. Previous studies have placed Joinvilleaceae in close phylogenetic proximity to the well-studied grass family. A full plastome sequence was determined and characterized for J.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis project examines the relationships within the genus Zea using complete plastid genomes (plastomes). While Zea mays has been well studied, congeneric species have yet to be as thoroughly examined. For this study four complete plastomes and a fifth nearly complete plastome were sequenced in the five species (Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis, Zea luxurians, Zea nicaraguensis, and Zea mays subsp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Panicoideae are the second largest subfamily in Poaceae (grass family), with 212 genera and approximately 3316 species. Previous studies have begun to reveal relationships within the subfamily, but largely lack resolution and/or robust support for certain tribal and subtribal groups. This study aims to resolve these relationships, as well as characterize a putative mitochondrial insert in one linage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Next-generation sequencing now allows for total RNA extracts to be sequenced in non-model organisms such as bamboos, an economically and ecologically important group of grasses. Bamboos are divided into three lineages, two of which are woody perennials with bisexual flowers, which undergo gregarious monocarpy. The third lineage, which are herbaceous perennials, possesses unisexual flowers that undergo annual flowering events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe explored phylogenetic relationships among the twelve lineages of the temperate woody bamboo clade (tribe Arundinarieae) based on plastid genome (plastome) sequence data. A representative sample of 28 taxa was used and maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted to estimate the Arundinarieae phylogeny. All the previously recognized clades of Arundinarieae were supported, with Ampelocalamus calcareus (Clade XI) as sister to the rest of the temperate woody bamboos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Plastome sequences for 18 species of the PACMAD grasses (subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Arundinoideae, Danthonioideae) were analyzed phylogenomically. Next generation sequencing methods were used to provide complete plastome sequences for 12 species. Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the plastome of one species, Hakonechloa macra, to provide a reference for annotation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole plastid genomes are being sequenced rapidly from across the green plant tree of life, and phylogenetic analyses of these are increasing resolution and support for relationships that have varied among or been unresolved in earlier single- and multi-gene studies. Pooideae, the cool-season grass lineage, is the largest of the 12 grass subfamilies and includes important temperate cereals, turf grasses and forage species. Although numerous studies of the phylogeny of the subfamily have been undertaken, relationships among some 'early-diverging' tribes conflict among studies, and some relationships among subtribes of Poeae have not yet been resolved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bambusoideae (Poaceae) comprise three distinct and well-supported lineages: tropical woody bamboos (Bambuseae), temperate woody bamboos (Arundinarieae) and herbaceous bamboos (Olyreae). Phylogenetic studies using chloroplast markers have generally supported a sister relationship between Bambuseae and Olyreae. This suggests either at least two origins of the woody bamboo syndrome in this subfamily or its loss in Olyreae.
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