Identifying behaviors that characterize emergence delirium: An observational study.

Background: Diagnostic criteria for emergence agitation are sensitive but not specific; they misclassify patients who are angry or upset as having emergence delirium.

Aims: The aim of this three-phase study was to determine expert agreement on the behaviors that differentiate children with emergence delirium from those without.

Methods: In the first phase of this observational study, pediatric dental patients were video recorded while awakening from anesthesia.

Resting mechanomyography before and after resistance exercise.

A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the elevation in oxygen consumption following exercise. Biochemical processes that return muscle to its pre-exercise state do not account for all of the extra oxygen consumed after exercise (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC). Muscle at rest after aerobic exercise produces mechanomyographic (MMG) activity of increased amplitude, compared to the pre-exercise state, which declines exponentially with the same time constant as EPOC.

Peripheral venous pressure predicts central venous pressure poorly in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Using peripheral venous pressure (PVP) instead of central venous pressure (CVP) as a volume monitor decreases patient risks and costs, and is convenient. This study was undertaken to determine if PVP predicts CVP in pediatric patients.

Methods: With ethical approval and informed consent, 30 pediatric patients aged neonate to 12 yr requiring a central venous line were studied prospectively in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Effects of graded levels of exercise on ipsilateral and contralateral post-exercise resting rectus femoris mechanomyography.

Mechanomyography has shown that "resting" muscle is mechanically active, with greater activity after vigorous exercise. This experiment studied the post-exercise resting mechanomyography activity that results from different levels of exercise; the effects of exercise levels on the contralateral non-exercised limb; and the effects of resting muscle length on post-exercise resting mechanomyographic activity. Ten healthy volunteers had mechanomyography recordings over both mid-rectus femoris, at rest, before and after sets (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 repetitions) of right leg extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60 s(-1).

Reactive hyperemia increases forearm vein area.

Purpose: To determine the effect of reactive hyperemia on human forearm vein area.

Methods: After obtaining ethics approval and informed consent, an automatic tourniquet was applied to the forearms of 20 healthy subjects for one, two, and three minutes, at pressures of 25 mmHg, 200 mmHg, then 25 mmHg. A blinded radiographer measured the cross-sectional area of the cephalic vein at the wrist using ultrasonography.

Resting mechanomyography after aerobic exercise.

A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the elevation in oxygen consumption following exercise. Biochemical processes that return muscle to its preexercise state do not account for all the oxygen consumed after exercise. It is possible that mechanical activity in resting muscle, which produces low frequency vibrations (i.