Publications by authors named "William O'Connell"

The mental and behavioral health workforce shortage has hindered access to care in the United States, resulting in long waitlists for persons who need behavioral health care. Global models for task sharing, combined with U.S.

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Autophagy and ribonucleoprotein granules, such as P-bodies (PBs) and stress granules, represent vital stress responses to maintain cellular homeostasis. SQSTM1/p62 phase-separated droplets are known to play critical roles in selective autophagy; however, it is unknown whether p62 can exist as another form in addition to its autophagic droplets. Here, we found that, under stress conditions, including proteotoxicity, endotoxicity, and oxidation, autophagic p62 droplets are transformed to a type of enlarged PBs, termed p62-dependent P-bodies (pd-PBs).

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Objective: Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is important to evaluate suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy but has maternal/fetal radiation risks. The objective of this study was to estimate maternal and fetal radiation-induced cancer risk from CTPA during pregnancy.

Methods: Simulation modeling via the National Cancer Institute's Radiation Risk Assessment Tool was used to estimate excess cancer risks from 17 organ doses from CTPA during pregnancy, with doses determined by a radiation dose indexing monitoring system.

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Purpose: The OsteoCool Tumor Ablation Post-Market Study (OPuS One) was a prospective, multi-national, single-arm study to investigate safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for palliation of painful lytic bone metastases with 12 months of follow-up. RFA has demonstrated effective palliation of osseous metastases in small clinical studies with short-term follow-up; however, a long-term assessment with robust subject numbers is lacking.

Materials And Methods: Prospective assessments were conducted at Baseline, 3 days, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12-months.

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Background: Imaging for diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy presents radiation concerns for patient and fetus.

Objectives: Estimate the risks of radiation-induced breast cancer and childhood leukemia from common imaging techniques for the evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy.

Methods: Breast and uterine absorbed doses for various imaging techniques were input into the National Cancer Institute Radiation Risk Assessment Tool to calculate risk of breast cancer for the patient and childhood leukemia for the fetus.

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Microscopic colitis is a form of colonic inflammation that presents with chronic nonbloody diarrhea that can only be diagnosed histologically with biopsies obtained during colonoscopy. We report a rare case of isotretinoin-induced microscopic colitis in a patient who was prescribed this medication for nodular acne with a 1-year history of nonbloody diarrhea, bloating, cramping, and foul-smelling gas. Cessation of this medication in addition to initiating treatment with budesonide resulted in remission of the patient's symptoms.

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Purpose: Effective dose describes radiation-related cancer risk from CT scans and is estimated using a readily available conversion factor (k-factor), which varies by body part and study type. To purpose of this study is to determine the specific k-factor for CTPA in pregnant patients and its predictive factors.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluates CTPA in pregnancy across a multihospital integrated healthcare network from January 2012 to April 2017.

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Serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 specific responses are an essential tool for determining the prevalence of past SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population especially when testing occurs after symptoms have developed and limited contact tracing is in place. The goal of our study was to test a new 10-plex electro-chemiluminescence-based assay to measure IgM and IgG responses to the spike proteins from multiple human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, assess the epitope specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response against full-length spike protein, receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain of the spike protein, and the nucleocapsid protein. We carried out the assay on samples collected from three sample groups: subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 from the U.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablation as measured by change in worst pain score from baseline to 3 mo after RF ablation for the palliative treatment of painful bone metastases.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients (mean age, 64.6 y) underwent RF ablation for metastatic bone disease and were followed up to 6 mo.

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A bleeding patient is a common consult for interventional radiologists. Prompt triage, preprocedural evaluation specific to the site of hemorrhage, and knowledge of resuscitative strategies allow for a potentially life-saving procedure to be appropriately and safely performed. Having a firm understanding of the clinical work-up and management of a bleeding patient has never been more important.

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Purpose: There is a large range of published effective radiation dose for CTPA during pregnancy. The purpose of our study is to determine the mean effective radiation dose and predictors of mean effective radiation dose for CTPA in pregnant patients across a multihospital integrated healthcare network.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluates pregnant women who had a CTPA as the first primary advanced imaging test for evaluation of PE in a multihospital integrated healthcare network from January 2012-April 2017.

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Background: Effective dose (ED) is used to understand radiation-related cancer risk of CT scans. Currently, ED for low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening (LCS) is estimated by multiplying the CT scan-reported dose-length product (DLP) by a DLP-to-ED conversion factor (k-factor) for general chest CT imaging, which does not account for sex. The purpose of this study was to calculate sex-specific k-factors for LDCT LCS.

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Biliary and urinary obstructions can be managed endoscopically or cystoscopically, surgically or by percutansous intervention or drainage. If the obtructed system is infected, emergent decompression is needed. Early recognition and treatment is paramount in both conditions.

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Managing venous thromboembolic disease on-call requires the interventional radiologist consider not only potential risk and benefit to the patient but also available resources in the IR suite as well as throughout the hospital, such as intensive care monitoring during treatment. We demonstrate how our practice manages these on-call cases ranging from deep venous thrombosis to acute pulmonary embolism and decide which patients need emergent treatment and which can undergo delayed intervention during working hours. In all cases, an adequate preprocedural clinical assessment is crucial.

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For more than a quarter century, public discourse has pushed the nuclear-power industry in the direction of heavier regulation and greater scrutiny, effectively halting construction of new reactors. By focusing on contemporary fear of significant accidents, such discourse begs the question of what the nation's court system would actually do should a major nuclear incident cause radiation-induced cancers. Congress's attempt to answer that question is the Price-Anderson Act, a broad statute addressing claims by the victims of a major nuclear accident.

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Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing image-guided bland embolization and chemoembolization as an outpatient-based procedure in selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective review of the authors' experience with outpatient embolization and chemoembolization from January 2005 to June 2006. Patients with nonresectable HCC not eligible for liver transplantation were enrolled.

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Purpose: Glaucoma is a prevalent ophthalmologic disease and leading cause of blindness. A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate resources and costs for end-stage glaucoma patients receiving visual rehabilitation care (VRC).

Materials And Methods: A chart review was conducted in 3 United States VRC centers.

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Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves symptoms and the survival rate in patients with advanced heart failure by improving synchrony. However, CRT is not always successful, is costly, and is applied without individualization. There is no specific measure of synchrony.

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The major zinc metalloprotease of Leishmania (gp63), an important determinant of parasite virulence, is attached to the parasite surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Here we report the spontaneous release of proteolytically active gp63 from a number of Leishmania isolates, causing cutaneous and visceral disease. To investigate the mechanism(s) of gp63 release, we transfected a gp63-deficient variant of Leishmania amazonensis with constructs expressing gp63 and various mutants thereof.

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