Investigation of blood‐brain barrier water exchange rate as a novel early indicator of neurovascular dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease.

Background: Growing evidence shows neurovascular dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may be a useful early marker of pathology. Blood‐brain barrier water exchange rate (BBB kw) is a novel measure of fluid transport through the neurovascular unit. Lower BBB kw has been associated with vascular risk factors, but its relationship with age, vascular brain health and biomarkers of AD remains equivocal.

Integrating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Selective Optimization with Compensation to Predict Wellbeing.

Objectives: Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) is an empirically supported model of successful aging. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported intervention that has a theoretical model which is complementary to the SOC model. Combining the two models can provide a more comprehensive view of successful aging.

High-throughput Kinetics using capillary Electrophoresis and Robotics (HiKER) platform used to study T7, T3, and Sp6 RNA polymerase misincorporation.

T7 RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is a widely used enzyme with recent applications in the production of RNA vaccines. For over 50 years denaturing sequencing gels have been used as key analysis tools for probing the nucleotide addition mechanisms of T7 RNAP and other polymerases. However, sequencing gels are low-throughput limiting their utility for comprehensive enzyme analysis.

Associations Between Instrumented Mouthguard-Measured Head Acceleration Events and Post-Match Biomarkers of Astroglial and Axonal Injury in Male Amateur Australian Football Players.

Background: Advances in instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) allow for accurate quantification of single high-acceleration head impacts and cumulative head acceleration exposure in collision sports. However, relationships between these measures and risk of brain cell injury remain unclear.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to quantify measures of non-concussive head impact exposure and assess their association with blood glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated-tau-181 (p-tau-181) levels in male Australian football players.

Pathophysiology, blood biomarkers, and functional deficits after intimate partner violence-related brain injury: Insights from emergency department patients and a new rat model.

Intimate partner violence is a serious, but underappreciated, issue that predominantly affects women and often results in concussion (i.e., mild traumatic brain injury).

Plasma biomarkers in chronic single moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.

Blood biomarkers are an emerging diagnostic and prognostic tool that reflect a range of neuropathological processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Their effectiveness in identifying long-term neuropathological processes after TBI is unclear. Studying biomarkers in the chronic phase is vital because elevated levels in TBI might result from distinct neuropathological mechanisms during acute and chronic phases.

Automated Field of Interest Determination for Quantitative Ultrasound Analyses of Cervical Tissues: Toward Real-time Clinical Translation in Spontaneous Preterm Birth Risk Assessment.

Objective: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) analysis of the human cervix is valuable for predicting spontaneous preterm birth risk. However, this approach currently requires an offline processing step wherein a medically trained analyst manually draws a free-hand field of interest (Manual FOI) for QUS computation. This offline step hinders the clinical adoption of QUS.

Trajectory of Postpartum Cervical Remodeling in Women Delivering Full-Term and Spontaneous Preterm: Sensitivity to Quantitative Ultrasound Biomarkers.

Objective: Women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) face an increased risk of recurrence. Yet, the factors contributing to the increased risk are unknown, hampering the development of targeted interventions. Noninvasive quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has been validated in the characterization of cervical tissue and has the potential to provide information about postpartum cervical remodeling.

MicroRNA Biomarkers on Day of Injury Among Patients with Post Concussive Symptoms at 28-Days: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: After mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), some patients experience symptoms that persist for weeks to months. Recovery from mTBI is primarily assessed using selfreported symptom questionnaires. Blood biomarkers, including microRNA species, have shown promise to assist diagnosis of mTBI, however, little is known about how blood microRNA measures might predict symptom recovery.

Evaluation of Scatterer Parameters From Ultrasound Scattering Models Taking Into Account Scattering From Nuclei and Cells of Cell-Pellet Biophantoms and Ex Vivo Tumors.

The Quantitative Ultrasound backscatter coefficient provides the capability to evaluate tissue microstructure parameters. Tissue-based scatterer parameters are extracted using ultrasound scattering models. It is challenging to correlate ultrasound scatterer parameters of tissue structures from optical-measured histology, possibly because of inappropriate scattering models or the presence of multiple scatterers.

Biomarkers of Neurobiologic Recovery in Adults With Sport-Related Concussion.

Importance: Sport-related concussion (SRC), a form of mild traumatic brain injury, is a prevalent occurrence in collision sports. There are no well-established approaches for tracking neurobiologic recovery after SRC.

Objective: To examine the levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) in Australian football athletes who experience SRC.

Incomplete partition type II in its various manifestations: isolated, in association with EVA, syndromic, and beyond; a multicentre international study.

Purpose: Incomplete partition type II (IP-II) is characterized by specific histological features and radiological appearance. It may occur in isolation or in association with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Among those with IP-II and EVA, a subset has a diagnosis of Pendred syndrome.

Sticky Hard-Sphere Model for Characterizing Tumor Microstructure via Quantitative Ultrasound.

The use of the structure function (SF) to model interscatterer contribution to ultrasonic scattering is a major step to improve the capability and accuracy of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and tissue characterization. However, existing QUS-based SF models rely on the hard-sphere (HS) model, which is limited in its applicability for complex scatterer distributions in real tissue. This article introduces the sticky HS (SHS) model for QUS and tissue characterization, which considers a very short-range attractive potential that accounts for the adhesive nature of biological cells and yields a new parameter called stickiness.

Cannabidiol attenuates seizure susceptibility and behavioural deficits in adult CDKL5 knock-in mice.

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in CDKL5 gene, encoding a serine-threonine kinase highly expressed in the brain. CDD manifests with early-onset epilepsy, autism, motor impairment and severe intellectual disability. While there are no known treatments for CDD, the use of cannabidiol has recently been introduced into clinical practice for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Investigating the Association Between Extended Participation in Collision Sports and Fluid Biomarkers Among Masters Athletes.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and concussions are prevalent in collision sports, and there is evidence that levels of exposure to such sports may increase the risk of neurological abnormalities. Elevated levels of fluid-based biomarkers have been observed after concussions or among athletes with a history of participating in collision sports, and certain biomarkers exhibit sensitivity toward neurodegeneration. This study investigated a cohort of 28 male amateur athletes competing in "Masters" competitions for persons >35 years of age.

Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis of Postoperative Infection in Patients With and Without Preoperative Urine Culture.

Importance: Although recent guidelines recommend against performance of preoperative urine culture before nongenitourinary surgery, many clinicians still order preoperative urine cultures and prescribe antibiotics for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in an effort to reduce infection risk.

Objective: To assess the association between preoperative urine culture testing and postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) or surgical site infection (SSI), independent of baseline patient characteristics or type of surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed surgical procedures performed from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, at any of 112 US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers.

R Dispersion Interaction: Derivation and Application to the Effective Fragment Potential Method.

The anisotropic and isotropic R dispersion contributions (disp8) are derived and implemented within the framework of the effective fragment potential (EFP) method formulated with imaginary frequency-dependent Cartesian polarizability tensors distributed at the centroids of the localized molecular orbitals (LMOs). Two forms of damping functions, intermolecular overlap-based and Tang-Toennies, are extended for disp8. To obtain LMO polarizability tensors centered at LMO centroids, an origin-shifting transformation is derived and implemented for the dipole-octopole polarizability tensor and the quadrupole-quadrupole polarizability tensor.

Celiac artery occlusion from median arcuate ligament compression complicating a hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer repair.

We present a case of a hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer complicated by occlusion of the celiac artery (CA) by acute median arcuate ligament (MAL) compression. Angiography revealed retrograde flow through the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) to the hepatic artery, with occlusion at the CA origin. This unique presentation required coordinated release of the MAL to reestablish antegrade CA flow before pyloroplasty and GDA ligation.

Enhanced identification of women at risk for preterm birth via quantitative ultrasound: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Historically, clinicians have relied on medical risk factors and clinical symptoms for preterm birth risk assessment. In nulliparous women, clinicians may rely solely on reported symptoms to assess for the risk of preterm birth. The routine use of ultrasound during pregnancy offers the opportunity to incorporate quantitative ultrasound scanning of the cervix to potentially improve assessment of preterm birth risk.

TACTICS VR Stroke Telehealth Virtual Reality Training for Health Care Professionals Involved in Stroke Management at Telestroke Spoke Hospitals: Module Design and Implementation Study.

Background: Stroke management in rural areas is more variable and there is less access to reperfusion therapies, when compared with metropolitan areas. Delays in treatment contribute to worse patient outcomes. To improve stroke management in rural areas, health districts are implementing telestroke networks.

Mitigating the negative impact of new buildings on existing buildings' user comfort-a case study analysis.

Campus master plans are released every few years for developing and implementing its physical infrastructure. Open spaces, compactness, connectivity, greenness, and environmental impact have often been the focus on its framework. In particular, the effect of new building development on existing buildings' occupant comfort and design intent is mostly ignored.

Utility of Acute and Subacute Blood Biomarkers to Assist Diagnosis in CT-Negative Isolated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background And Objectives: Blood biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) have recently been Food and Drug Administration approved as predictors of intracranial lesions on CT after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, most cases with mTBI are CT negative, and no biomarkers are approved to assist diagnosis in these individuals. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal combination of blood biomarkers to assist mTBI diagnosis in otherwise healthy adults younger than 50 years presenting to an emergency department within 6 hours of injury.