Lens Thickness in Infants and Children with Cataracts.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between lens thickness and cataract in participants aged 0 to 5 years.

Design: This was a prospective, multicenter, case-control study.

Participants: We enrolled 118 participants (171 eyes) aged 0 to 5 years, mean age 14.

Lowe Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome Comparison of Anterior Segment Anatomy in Eyes with and without Glaucoma.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy comparison of two infants with Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome, one with glaucoma and one without, found differences in corneal curvature, iris thickness, trabecular-iris angle, and lens morphology are potential glaucoma-associated features.

Bilateral Retinal and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Infarction in an Adolescent With Influenza.

We describe a 13-year-old female with influenza complicated by bilateral vision loss due to retinal and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) infarctions. She continues to have near-total vision loss in her left eye 3.5 years later.

Corneal Structural Changes in Congenital Glaucoma.

Objective: To identify corneal structure differences on quantitative high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) among subjects with congenital glaucoma compared with controls.

Methods: This prospective case-control study evaluated 180 UBM images from 44 eyes of 30 subjects (18 control and 12 glaucoma, mean age 5.2±8.

Update on the Treatment of Retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common pediatric ocular malignancy and accounts for 2% of all childhood cancers. Rb is initiated by a mutation of the 1 tumor suppressor gene and occurs in 2 forms: 1) unilateral and unifocal, characterized by a single tumor in 1 eye, and 2) bilateral or unilateral, multifocal Rb with multiple tumor foci in 1 or both eyes. Rb is a disease of young children and if left untreated can result in visual morbidity as well as systemic mortality.

Repeatability and Reliability of Quantified Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Image Analysis of the Ciliary Body at the Pars Plicata.

Most of the ciliary body and ciliary processes of the eye cannot be directly visualized in vivo because of the posterior location of the pars plicata to the posterior chamber and iris. However, ciliary anatomy can be effectively imaged using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) by placing the probe close to the limbus, perpendicular to this structure. Previous studies measuring ciliary body parameters in meridian UBM images found that these parameters were measured with poor reliability and repeatability.

Semiautomated Assessment of Anterior Segment Structures in Pediatric Glaucoma Using Quantitative Ultrasound Biomicroscopy.

The study was a prospective observational study comparing semiautomated to manual quantitative ultrasound biomicroscopy image analysis among 82 images from 41 eyes of 32 subjects (21 controls and 11 glaucoma) enrolled in the Pediatric Anterior Segment Imaging Innovation Study. Intraclass correlation coefficients and correlation coefficients were >0.8 for all parameters, and comparison of respective analysis speed was 7 times faster for the semiautomated method compared with manual image quantification.

Deep Learning Model for Accurate Automatic Determination of Phakic Status in Pediatric and Adult Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Images.

Purpose: Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a noninvasive method for assessing anterior segment anatomy. Previous studies were prone to intergrader variability, lacked assessment of the lens-iris diaphragm, and excluded pediatric subjects. Lens status classification is an objective task applicable in pediatric and adult populations.

Pediatric Corneal Structural Development During Childhood Characterized by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy.

Purpose: To quantitatively describe the structural corneal changes from infancy to early adulthood using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Methods: In this prospective study, 168 ultrasound biomicroscopy images were obtained from 24 healthy eyes of 24 patients who consented and enrolled in the Pediatric Anterior Segment Imaging Innovation Study. Their ages ranged from birth to 26 years.

Back to the Future: Vitreous Pupillary Block and Glaucoma in a Child After Lensectomy.

The authors present a case of poorly controlled glaucoma following lensectomy. An examination under anesthesia revealed iris bombe of the anterior vitreous face. This case helps emphasize the importance of a generous anterior vitrectomy at the time of lensectomy in the pediatric population to avoid secondary glaucoma.

Optical coherence tomography to monitor vigabatrin toxicity in children.

Purpose: The antiepileptic drug vigabatrin is known to cause permanent loss of vision. Both visual field testing and electroretinogram are used to detect retinal damage. Adult data on optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows that retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning may be an early indicator of vigabatrin-induced retinal toxicity.

Visual outcomes in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and orbitotemporal plexiform neurofibromas.

Purpose: To describe the visual outcomes and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and orbitotemporal plexiform neurofibromas.

Design: Multicenter retrospective case series.

Methods: Two institutions with dedicated NF1 clinical research programs queried their established clinical databases for children with orbitotemporal plexiform neurofibromas.

Recent developments in the field of superior oblique palsies.

Purpose Of Review: The superior oblique muscle is a complex structure that evidences considerable variation in its anatomy as well as its rotational effects upon the eye. Our understanding and treatment of patients with superior oblique dysfunction are complicated by our incomplete, though developing, understanding of the sensory and motor adaptations to these dysfunctions. We review articles published over the previous year, which further our understanding of these issues.

A review of pediatric uveitis: part II. Autoimmune diseases and treatment modalities.

Uveitis is a manifestation of complex processes that can represent an infectious process or a dysfunction of the immune system that may have grave effects on the eye. Although infectious causes, once properly identified, may be successfully treated by addressing the inciting organism with recognized interventions, the immune-modulated chronic forms of uveitis often provide more complex challenges in management. Recent strides in understanding the inflammatory pathway and better bioengineering capabilities have resulted in some new modalities of treatment.

A review of pediatric uveitis: Part I. Infectious causes and the masquerade syndromes.

Uveitis is a manifestation of complex processes that can represent an infectious or a purely immune system modulated condition and may have grave effects on the eye. Much of the morbidity in these conditions is the result of the immune response to these stimuli. These infectious diseases may be successfully treated by addressing the inciting organism with recognized interventions.

Intraocular foreign body injuries during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Objective: To evaluate the number of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries that occurred in Operation Iraqi Freedom, and to determine the cause of injury, the type of foreign body, and the associated injuries to other body systems.

Design: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.

Participants: Fifty-five United States military personnel with an IOFB injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Refractive surgery in the United States Army, 2000-2003.

Purpose: To examine the history, current status, outcomes, and future direction of the Army Warfighter Refractive Eye Surgery Program (WRESP), which was established to reduce the limitations posed by corrective eyewear in combat arms soldiers.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Sixteen thousand one hundred eleven Army service members who underwent refractive surgery between May 2000 and September 2003.