An evaluation of the use and handling errors of currently available recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone pen injectors by women with infertility and fertility nurses.

: This study compared preference ratings of women with infertility and nurses before and after simulated injection, and handling errors, with the GONAL-f®, Bemfola®, Ovaleap® and Rekovelle® pen injectors. : Injector-naïve women and injector-experienced fertility nurses tested injectors with masked labels in a randomized testing order. Injections were made into a foam pad and injectors were rated before and after use.

Superelastic electron scattering within a magnetic angle changer: determination of the angular momentum transferred during electron excitation over all scattering angles.

By utilizing superelastic electron scattering from laser-excited atoms within a new magnetic angle changing device, the differential cross sections for excitation of atoms by electron impact over the complete scattering geometry are determined for the first time. In the experiments described here, these techniques are combined to reveal the angular momentum transferred to calcium atoms during electron excitation to the 4(1) P(1) state, from near 0 degrees to beyond 180 degrees . The experiments are discussed, and results presented for energies of 45 and 55 eV.