Development and validation of a score for prediction of postoperative respiratory complications in infants and children (SPORC-C).

Background: In infants and children, postoperative respiratory complications are leading causes of perioperative morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare utilisation. We aimed to develop a novel score for prediction of postoperative respiratory complications in paediatric patients (SPORC for children).

Methods: We analysed data from paediatric patients (≤12 yr) undergoing surgery in New York and Boston, USA for score development and external validation.

Association of dexmedetomidine use with haemodynamics, postoperative recovery, and cost in paediatric anaesthesia: a hospital registry study.

Background: Dexmedetomidine utilisation in paediatric patients is increasing. We hypothesised that intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine in children is associated with longer postanaesthesia care unit length of stay, higher healthcare costs, and side-effects.

Methods: We analysed data from paediatric patients (aged 0-12 yr) between 2016 and 2021 in the Bronx, NY, USA.

Sedation Research in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: Proposals for Future Study Design From the Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research IV Workshop.

Objectives: Sedation and analgesia for infants and children requiring mechanical ventilation in the PICU is uniquely challenging due to the wide spectrum of ages, developmental stages, and pathophysiological processes encountered. Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of sedative and analgesic management in pediatric patients have used heterogeneous methodologies. The Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research (SCEPTER) IV hosted a series of multidisciplinary meetings to establish consensus statements for future clinical study design and implementation as a guide for investigators studying PICU sedation and analgesia.

Memory Problems in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Care for congenital heart diseases (CHD) has improved significantly over the past several decades, and children with CHD are now surviving into adulthood. Cognitive and behavioral problems affect children with CHD more than healthy peers. A review of performance on neuropsychological memory tasks has not been reported.

Impact of Anesthetic Exposures on the Neurocognitive Profiles of Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors: A New Direction for Research and Multidisciplinary Collaboration.

Primary brain tumors are the most commonly diagnosed solid tumors in children, and pediatric brain tumor survivors experience lasting, pervasive deficits of neurocognitive functioning. Repeated exposure to anesthetic drugs is a necessary component not only of surgical resection but also of multimodal cancer care for the youngest patients with brain tumors. The potential for anesthetic neurotoxicity to worsen neurocognitive outcomes in this vulnerable group, therefore, warrants our attention and further study through multi-disciplinary collaboration.

Multireference configuration interaction study of the predissociation of C via its FΠ state.

Photodissociation is one of the main destruction pathways for dicarbon (C) in astronomical environments, such as diffuse interstellar clouds, yet the accuracy of modern astrochemical models is limited by a lack of accurate photodissociation cross sections in the vacuum ultraviolet range. C features a strong predissociative FΠ-XΣ electronic transition near 130 nm originally measured in 1969; however, no experimental studies of this transition have been carried out since, and theoretical studies of the FΠ state are limited. In this work, potential energy curves of excited electronic states of C are calculated with the aim of describing the predissociative nature of the FΠ state and providing new ab initio photodissociation cross sections for astrochemical applications.

Anesthetic Exposure During Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Clinical studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes after anesthetic exposure have evaluated a range of outcomes with mixed results.

Objective: To examine via meta-analyses the associations between exposure to general anesthesia and domain-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.

Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 31, 2021.

Children with Congenital Heart Disease Show Increased Behavioral Problems Compared to Healthy Peers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Millions of children and adults are living with congenital heart disease (CHD). Their risk for behavioral problems has not been the subject of a meta-analysis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of measures of behavioral problems in people born with CHD compared to peers without CHD.

COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has been an enormous global health burden, resulting in hundreds of millions of documented infections and more than 3 million deaths. Increasing reports characterizing the effects of COVID-19 in pediatric populations have been published during the course of the pandemic. We performed a systematic review to assess the scope of diagnosis, treatment, and management of COVID-19 in pediatric patients.

COVID-19: A Catalyst for Transforming Randomized Trials.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic incited a global clinical trial research agenda of unprecedented speed and high volume. This expedited research activity in a time of crisis produced both successes and failures that offer valuable learning opportunities for the scientific community to consider. Successes include the implementation of large adaptive and pragmatic trials as well as burgeoning efforts toward rapid data synthesis and open science principles.

Executive functions in children with heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: People with CHD are at increased risk for executive functioning deficits. Meta-analyses of these measures in CHD patients compared to healthy controls have not been reported.

Objective: To examine differences in executive functions in individuals with CHD compared to healthy controls.

Prospectively assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in studies of anaesthetic neurotoxicity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Whether exposure to a single general anaesthetic (GA) in early childhood causes long-term neurodevelopmental problems remains unclear.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 2019. Studies evaluating neurodevelopmental outcomes and prospectively enrolling children exposed to a single GA procedure compared with unexposed children were identified.

Engaging Stakeholders to Promote Safe Anesthesia and Sedation Care in Young Children.

An important aspect of any research endeavor is engaging various stakeholders to work toward the common goal of pushing knowledge forward about the question at hand. Research into pediatric anesthetic neurotoxicity could benefit greatly from interventions designed to improve the efforts and dedication of government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, research communities, and most importantly, patients. The Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopment Assessment (PANDA) symposium is a biennial meeting where updates in research in the field are presented, and issues relevant to the community are discussed in round table discussions.

SmartTots Outcomes Workshop 2017: Notes From a Round Table Discussion About Outcome Measures.

An important element of designing research studies is the selection of appropriate outcome measures to ensure that the question posed is properly answered given the evidence. The selection of outcome measures is especially important when tackling complex, interdisciplinary problems, where appropriate outcome measures may not be as simple as a blood test or a laboratory value. One such area of study is the research into neurodevelopmental outcomes after early exposure to anesthetic agents.

Branching Ratios of the N(D) and N(D) Spin-Orbit States Produced in the State-Selected Photodissociation of N Determined Using Time-Sliced Velocity-Mapped-Imaging Photoionization Mass Spectrometry (TS-VMI-PI-MS).

Branching ratios for N(D) and N(D) produced by predissociation of state selected excited nitrogen molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet region have been measured for the first time. The quantum numbers of the excited nitrogen molecule are defined by selective excitation of the nitrogen molecule in the Franck-Condon region from the ground electronic, Σ, vibrational, v″, and rotational, J″ state to an excited E', v', J' state with a tunable vacuum ultraviolet, VUV, laser. The neutral atoms produced by predissociation from this excited state are then selectively ionized with a second tunable VUV laser.

Branching Ratio Measurements of the Predissociation of CO by Time-Slice Velocity-Map Ion Imaging in the Energy Region from 106 250 to 107 800 cm.

Photodissociation of CO is a fundamental chemical mechanism for mass-independent oxygen isotope fractionation in the early Solar System. Branching ratios of photodissociation channels for individual bands quantitatively yield the trapping efficiencies of atomic oxygen resulting into oxides. We measured the branching ratios for the spin-forbidden and spin-allowed photodissociation channels of CO in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon energy region from 106 250 to 107 800 cm using the VUV laser time-slice velocity-map imaging photoion technique.

The failing medial compartment in the varus knee and its association with CAM deformity of the hip.

Background: Since 2011, the knee service at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre has been offering a neutralising medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to a specific group of patients with genu varum and early knee osteoarthritis. An observation was made concerning this group of patients and the presence of CAM deformity at the hip. The aim of this study is to establish whether or not any association exists between the OA phenotype shared by our HTO group and the incidence of CAM deformity at the hip.

Physical Activity and Cognitive Development: A Meta-Analysis.

Research Question: Is there an association between regular exercise, defined as a structured program of increased physical activity at least 1 month in duration, and improvements in measures of executive functions compared with children who engage in their normal daily activities?

Context: The association between increased physical activity and changes in performance on tasks of executive functions have not been well elucidated in children. Executive functioning is important to intellectual development and academic success in children, and inexpensive, nonpharmacological methods for the treatment of executive dysfunction represent an attractive interventional target.

Objective: To estimate the effect of a structured regular exercise program on neuropsychological domains of executive function in children ages 7 to 12.