Prostate Cancer Lesions by Zone and Race: Does Multiparametric MRI Demonstrate Racial Difference in Prostate Cancer Lesions for African American Men?

African American (AA) men have increased risk of prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality, but the cause remains unknown. MRI fusion improves diagnosis of localized prostate cancer, particularly in anterior lesions; however, cost and access are limited in a community practice setting. By utilizing a diverse cohort of veterans with equal access to care in a single payer system, we describe prostate cancer detection.

The Management of Penile Fracture: a Review of the Literature with Special Consideration for Patients Undergoing Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection Therapy.

Purpose Of Review: To review the current literature on acute management of traumatic penile fracture, with a specific discussion of those injuries following collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injections for the treatment of Peyronie's disease.

Recent Findings: The immediate repair of traumatic penile fracture injury is associated with significantly better prognosis for long-term sexual health. Corporal disruption following CCH administration has several distinct features, and the trend is to manage these patients conservatively in the absence of urethral injury.

No impact of lentiviral transduction on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell telomere length or gene expression in the rhesus macaque model.

The occurrence of clonal perturbations and leukemia in patients transplanted with gamma-retroviral (RV) vector-transduced autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has stimulated extensive investigation, demonstrating that proviral insertions may perturb adjacent proto-oncogene expression. Although enhancer-deleted lentiviruses are less likely to result in insertional oncogenesis, there is evidence that they may perturb transcript splicing, and one patient with a benign clonal expansion of lentivirally transduced HPSC has been reported. The rhesus macaque model provides an opportunity for informative long-term analysis to ask whether transduction impacts on long-term HSPC properties.

Defective telomere elongation and hematopoiesis from telomerase-mutant aplastic anemia iPSCs.

Critically short telomeres activate p53-mediated apoptosis, resulting in organ failure and leading to malignant transformation. Mutations in genes responsible for telomere maintenance are linked to a number of human diseases. We derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 4 patients with aplastic anemia or hypocellular bone marrow carrying heterozygous mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) or the telomerase RNA component (TERC) telomerase genes.

Differential expression of Gs in a murine model of homocysteinemic heart failure.

High plasma homocysteine levels are a known risk factor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The G proteins, G(s) (stimulatory) and G(i) (inhibitory), are involved in calcium regulation; overexpression has pathological consequences. The aims of this study were to examine the differential expression of G(s) G protein and G(i) in the hearts of hyperhomocysteinemic (Hhcy) mice, and to determine if homocysteine (Hcy) acts as an agonist in cell culture to mediate the change in G protein isoforms.

H2S protects against methionine-induced oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells.

Homocysteine (Hcy) causes cerebrovascular dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress. However, to date, there are no strategies to prevent Hcy-induced oxidative damage. Hcy is an H2S precursor formed from methionine (Met) metabolism.

Cardioprotective role of sodium thiosulfate on chronic heart failure by modulating endogenous H2S generation.

Background/aims: Sodium thiosulfate (STS) has been shown to be an antioxidant and calcium solubilizer, but the possible role of STS in dysfunctional ventricles remains unknown. Here, we assessed the effects of STS in the failing heart.

Methods: Heart failure was created by an arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Role of copper and homocysteine in pressure overload heart failure.

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) (known as hyperhomocysteinemia HHcy) are involved in dilated cardiomyopathy. Hcy chelates copper and impairs copper-dependent enzymes. Copper deficiency has been linked to cardiovascular disease.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J2 gene transfection attenuates MMP-9 via inhibition of NF-kappabeta in hyperhomocysteinemia.

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with atherosclerotic events involving the modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase-2J2 (CYP2J2) is abundant in the heart endothelium, and its AA metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) mitigates inflammation through NF-kappabeta. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for MMP-9 regulation by CYP2J2 in HHcy remain obscure.