Short cephalomedullary nail toggle: a closer examination.

Objectives: In patients with wide femoral canals, an undersized short nail may not provide adequate stability, leading to toggling of the nail around the distal interlocking screw and subsequent loss of reduction. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with nail toggle and to examine whether increased nail toggle is associated with increased varus collapse.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Plate fixation of femoral nonunions over an intramedullary nail with autogenous bone grafting.

Objective: To describe a novel approach for the treatment of nonunions of diaphyseal femur fractures.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: University hospital.