Hypobaric type oxygenators - physics and physiology.

Brain injury is still a serious complication after cardiac surgery. Gaseous microemboli (GME) are known to contribute to both short and longer-term brain injury after cardiac surgery. Hypobaric and novel dual-chamber oxygenators use the physical behaviors and properties of gases to reduce GME.

Warm versus cold blood cardioplegia in paediatric congenital heart surgery: a randomized trial.

Objectives: Intermittent cold blood cardioplegia is commonly used in children, whereas intermittent warm blood cardioplegia is widely used in adults. We aimed to compare clinical and biochemical outcomes with these 2 methods.

Methods: A single-centre, randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of warm (≥34°C) versus cold (4-6°C) antegrade cardioplegia in children.

Intermittent antegrade warm-blood versus cold-blood cardioplegia in children undergoing open heart surgery: a protocol for a randomised controlled study (Thermic-3).

Introduction: Surgical repair of congenital heart defects often requires the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest. Cardioplegia is used during cardiac surgery requiring CPB to keep the heart still and to reduce myocardial damage as a result of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Cold cardioplegia is the prevalent method of myocardial protection in paediatric patients; however, warm cardioplegia is used as part of usual care throughout the UK in adults.

Direct Arterial Cannulation Allows Easy and Safe Continuous Selective Cerebral Perfusion During Repair of Interrupted Aortic Arch Even for Low Birth Weight Neonates.

Objectives: To review the outcomes of direct innominate artery cannulation for continuous cerebral perfusion used for repair of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) in a consecutive cohort of neonates regardless of weight.

Methods: Between September 1999 and April 2016, forty-four children with IAA (18 type A and 26 type B) underwent repair using continuous, hypothermic (18°C) low-flow cerebral perfusion via direct innominate artery cannulation. Associated cardiac lesions were truncus arteriosus (TA; 5), ventricular septal defect (VSD; 30), transposition of the great arteries (TGA; 1), unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (1), double-inlet left ventricle (1), double-outlet right ventricle (3), and aortopulmonary window (APW; 5).

Development of the orpheus perfusion simulator for use in high-fidelity extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulation.

Despite its life-sustaining potential, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains a complex treatment modality for which close teamwork is imperative with a high risk of adverse events leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The provision of adequate training and continuing education is key in mitigating these risks. Traditional training for ECMO has relied predominantly on didactic education and hands-on water drills.