Recommended Reference Values for Risk Assessment of Oral Exposure to Copper.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database, the authoritative source of U.

Implications of sample size, rareness, and commonness for derivation of environmental benchmarks and criteria from field and laboratory data.

Tabulations of numerical concentration-based environmental benchmarks are commonly used to inform decisions on managing chemical exposures. Benchmarks are usually set at levels below which there is a low likelihood of adverse effects. Given the widespread use of tables of benchmarks, it is reasonable to expect that they are adequately reliable and fit for purpose.

Critical Review of Exposure and Effects: Implications for Setting Regulatory Health Criteria for Ingested Copper.

Decades of study indicate that copper oral exposures are typically not a human health concern. Ingesting high levels of soluble copper salts can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms and, in uncommon cases, liver toxicity in susceptible individuals with repeated exposure. This focused toxicological review evaluated the current literature since the last comprehensive reviews (2007-2010).

Scientific integrity issues in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Improving research reproducibility, credibility, and transparency.

High-profile reports of detrimental scientific practices leading to retractions in the scientific literature contribute to lack of trust in scientific experts. Although the bulk of these have been in the literature of other disciplines, environmental toxicology and chemistry are not free from problems. While we believe that egregious misconduct such as fraud, fabrication of data, or plagiarism is rare, scientific integrity is much broader than the absence of misconduct.

Interlaboratory comparison of a reduced volume marine sediment toxicity test method using the amphipod Ampelisca abdita.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has standardized methods for performing acute marine amphipod sediment toxicity tests.