Role of Hormonal Treatment in Prostate Cancer Patients with Nonmetastatic Disease Recurrence After Local Curative Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Context: The relative benefits and harms of hormonal treatment (HT) versus no or deferred HT in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) relapse after primary curative therapy are controversial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of HT for nonmetastatic PCa relapse, prognostic factors for treatment outcome, timing of treatment, and the most effective treatment strategy to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic literature search was undertaken incorporating Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (search ended March 2015).

Widespread surgical emphysema following trivial injury to the hand.

A 23-year-old glazer presented to the A&E department with pain in his left arm following a 2 mm puncture injury to his left thenar eminence. Examination showed crepitus throughout the arm and over the chest wall. Plain X-rays confirmed extensive surgical emphysema but no evidence of pneumothorax.