Value of Nutrition Support Therapy: Impact on Clinical and Economic Outcomes in the United States.

Objective: Healthcare leaders seek guidance on prudent investment in programs that improve patient outcomes and reduce costs, which includes the value of nutrition therapy. The purpose of this project was to conduct an evidence review and evaluate claims analyses to understand the financial and quality impact of nutrition support therapy on high-priority therapeutic conditions.

Methods: Task 1 included a review of existing literature from 2013 to 2018 to identify evidence that demonstrated the clinical and economic impact of nutrition intervention on patient outcomes across 13 therapeutic areas (TAs).

Hospital Inpatient Admissions With Dehydration and/or Malnutrition in Medicare Beneficiaries Receiving Enteral Nutrition: A Cohort Study.

Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) supports many older and disabled Americans. This study describes the frequency and cost of acute care hospitalization with dehydration and/or malnutrition of Medicare beneficiaries receiving EN, focusing on those receiving home EN.

Methods: Medicare 5% Standard Analytic Files were used to determine Medicare spending for EN supplies and the proportion and cost of beneficiaries receiving EN, specifically home EN, admitted to the hospital with dehydration and/or malnutrition.

Identification of the Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium.

In human intestinal disease induced by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) rapidly follows attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial apical membrane. Previously, we have shown that the S.

Salmonella typhimurium SipA-induced neutrophil transepithelial migration: involvement of a PKC-alpha-dependent signal transduction pathway.

Salmonella typhimurium elicits an intense proinflammatory response characterized by movement of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) across the epithelial barrier to the intestinal lumen. We previously showed that S. typhimurium, via the type III secretion system effector protein SipA, initiates an ADP-ribosylation factor-6- and phospholipase D-dependent lipid-signaling cascade that directs activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and subsequent transepithelial movement of PMN.

CARD15/NOD2 functions as an antibacterial factor in human intestinal epithelial cells.

Background & Aims: Mutations in the CARD15/NOD2 gene, a putative intracellular pattern recognition receptor, have been linked to the risk for Crohn's disease. Because intestinal epithelial cells play a role as the barrier to luminal microorganisms, we investigated the expression and function of CARD15/NOD2 in intestinal epithelial cells.

Methods: Expression of CARD15/NOD2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in intestinal epithelial cell lines and primary intestinal epithelial cells was assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration across model intestinal epithelia enhances Salmonella typhimurium killing via the epithelial derived cytokine, IL-6.

The host response to Salmonella typhimurium involves movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) across the epithelium and into the intestinal lumen. Following their arrival in the lumen, the PMN attempt to combat bacterial infection by activating antimicrobial defenses such as granule release, oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and cell signaling. We sought to examine PMN-S.