A review of advances in deep-ocean Raman spectroscopy.

We review the rapid progress made in the applications of Raman spectroscopy to deep-ocean science. This is made possible by deployment of instrumentation on remotely operated vehicles used for providing power and data flow and for precise positioning on targets of interest. Early prototype systems have now been replaced by compact and robust units that have been deployed well over 100 times on an expeditionary basis over a very wide range of ocean depths without failure.