Visualization of Large-Scale Narrative Data Describing Human Error.

Objective Introduced is a visual data exploration technique for compiling, reducing, organizing, visually rendering, and filtering text-based narratives for detailed analysis. Background The analysis of data sets provides an increasingly difficult problem. The method of visual representation is considered an effective tool in many applications.

The effect of selected water-soluble excipients on the dissolution of paracetamol and Ibuprofen.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the dissolution behavior of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the presence of a range of selected potential excipients. First, a pH-solubility profile was generated for both drugs, and the effect of changing hydrodynamic conditions on the intrinsic dissolution rate was investigated. It was established that both drugs dissolved according to the diffusion-layer model.

The influence of excipients on the diffusion of ibuprofen and paracetamol in gastric mucus.

The aim of this study was to examine the diffusion of commonly administered analgesics, ibuprofen and paracetamol, through gastric mucus. As ibuprofen and paracetamol are often formulated with alkalising excipients, or are commonly co-administered with antacids that have been demonstrated to alter their absorption, diffusion was also studied in the presence of a range of soluble and insoluble antacids or buffering agents. The effect of pH, which has been demonstrated to modify the properties of mucus, was also studied.

Investigation of the coordinated functional activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein in limiting the absorption of xenobiotics in Caco-2 cells.

The coordination of the functional activities of intestinal CYP3A4 and P-gp in limiting the absorption of xenobiotics in Caco-2 cells was investigated. Growing Caco-2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (1-2 microM) in plastic flasks to encourage a subpopulation of cells, that displayed an intrinsically higher multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype than the parent cells, to survive and grow. Doxorubicin-exposed (hereinafter referred to as type I cells) and nonexposed Caco-2 cells (parent cells) on collagen-coated inserts were also treated with either 0 (control) or 0.