Substrate dependence of transport coupling and phenotype of a small multidrug resistance transporter in .

Unlabelled: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) transporters are key players in the defense of multidrug-resistant pathogens to toxins and other homeostasis-perturbing compounds. However, recent evidence demonstrates that EmrE, an SMR from and a model for understanding transport, can also induce susceptibility to some compounds by drug-gated proton leak. This runs down the ∆pH component of the proton-motive force (PMF), reducing the viability of the affected bacteria.

CRISPRi functional genomics in bacteria and its application to medical and industrial research.

SUMMARYFunctional genomics is the use of systematic gene perturbation approaches to determine the contributions of genes under conditions of interest. Although functional genomic strategies have been used in bacteria for decades, recent studies have taken advantage of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technologies, such as CRISPRi (CRISPR interference), that are capable of precisely modulating expression of all genes in the genome. Here, we discuss and review the use of CRISPRi and related technologies for bacterial functional genomics.

A Small Multidrug Resistance Transporter in Confers Substrate-Specific Resistance or Susceptibility.

Small Multidrug Resistance (SMR) transporters are key players in the defense of multidrug-resistant pathogens to toxins and other homeostasis-perturbing compounds. However, recent evidence demonstrates that EmrE, an SMR from and a model for understanding transport, can also induce susceptibility to some compounds by drug-gated proton leak. This runs down the ΔpH component of the Proton Motive Force (PMF), reducing viability of the affected bacteria.

Mucoadhesive probiotic backpacks with ROS nanoscavengers enhance the bacteriotherapy for inflammatory bowel diseases.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are often associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and highly dysregulated gut microbiota. In this study, we synthesized a polymer of hyaluronic acid-poly(propylene sulfide) (HA-PPS) and developed ROS-scavenging nanoparticles (HPN) that could effectively scavenge ROS. To achieve colon tissue targeting effects, the HPN nanoparticles were conjugated to the surface of modified probiotic Nissle 1917 (EcN).