Spatial distribution of Neonectria species associated with beech bark disease in northern Maine.

Beech bark disease (BBD) requires prior infestation of bark by an exotic scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, to permit infection by one or more fungi, primarily Neonectria ditissima and Neonectria faginata. Previous studies in North America report a progression in which N. faginata replaces N.

Will emergency health care providers respond to mass casualty incidents?

Unlabelled: Emergency response plans often call on health care providers to respond to the workplace outside of their normal working pattern.

Hypothesis: Providers will report to work during a mass casualty emergency regardless of family duties, type of incident, or availability of treatment.

Methods: Survey of emergency personnel needed to respond to a mass casualty incident.

Will emergency health care providers respond to mass casualty incidents?

Introduction: Emergency response plans often call on health care providers to respond to the workplace outside of their normal working pattern.

Hypothesis: Providers will report to work during a mass casualty emergency regardless of family duties, type of incident, or availability of treatment.

Methods: Survey of emergency personnel needed to respond to a mass casualty incident.

Freezing cycles enhance winter injury in Picea rubens.

We examined changes in chlorophyll absorbency in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) foliage in response to simulated freezing cycles. Current-year branch tips were collected from 16 trees on January 8, January 20, February 8 and February 26, 1996.