Self-Consciousness and Self-Awareness: Associations between Stable and Transitory Levels of Evidence.

The theory of objective self-awareness predicts the assessment of stable or dispositional self-consciousness and transitory or situational self-awareness. The aim of the present research was to investigate potential associations between patterns of experiential self-description to scores on self-report measures of dispositional self-consciousness. A total of 64 Brazilian volunteers (M = 29.

Dual-layer spectral CT virtual-non-contrast images aid in parathyroid adenoma analysis and radiation dose reduction: confirmation of findings from dual-energy CT.

4D-parathyroid CT scans have become a mainstay in the evaluation and pre-surgical planning for parathyroid adenomas. Most protocols typically rely on non-contrast images, prior to the arterial and delayed phases. Previous reports with dual-energy CT imaging have highlighted the utility of virtual non-contrast images to help reduce radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.

Brain MRI findings in COVID-19 patients with PRES: A systematic review.

Background: Numerous case reports and case series have described brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with concurrent posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Purpose: We aim to compile and analyze brain MRI findings in patients with COVID-19 disease and PRES.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched on April 5th, 2021 using the terms "COVID-19", "PRES", "SARS-CoV-2" for peer-reviewed publications describing brain MRI findings in patients 21 years of age or older with evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and PRES.

Who is in charge when I have a headache? Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale.

Background: Headache-Specific Locus of Control (LOC) refers to individuals' beliefs about their control over the onset, course and consequences of headaches. LOC beliefs have been associated with depression, coping strategies, headache-related disability and treatment outcomes.

Objective: To test the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale (HSLC).

Nocturnal hypertension associated with stroke and silent cerebral infarcts in children with sickle cell disease.

Background: Strokes and silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Higher systolic blood pressures increase risk for stroke and SCIs; however, patients with SCD often have lower clinic blood pressures than the general population. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows for more robust examination of blood pressures.

Differentiation of hemorrhage from contrast enhancement using dual-layer spectral CT in patients transferred for acute stroke.

Acute stroke patients transferred to thrombectomy capable centers (TCC), undergo a CT head exam upon arrival at the TCC to evaluate for ASPECTS decay and intracranial hemorrhage. In patients who received iodinated contrast prior to transfer, parenchymal enhancement may simulate hemorrhage on this post-transfer CT. We report two cases utilizing CT spectral imaging to differentiate between parenchymal contrast enhancement and hemorrhage in this setting.

CT of the Neck: Image Analysis and Reporting in the Emergency Setting.

Interpreting findings seen at CT of the neck is challenging owing to the complex and nuanced anatomy of the neck, which contains multiple organ systems in a relatively small area. In the emergency department setting, CT is performed to investigate acute infectious or inflammatory symptoms and chronic processes. With few exceptions, neck CT should be performed with intravenous contrast material, which accentuates abnormally enhancing phlegmonous and neoplastic tissues and can be used to delineate any abscesses or necrotic areas.

Selective Head versus Whole Body Cooling Treatment of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Comparison of Electroencephalogram and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the utility of electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect brain dysfunction and injury across a cohort of newborn infants treated with selective head cooling (SHC) or whole body cooling (WBC).

Study Design: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a standard neuroprotection tool for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. Sixty-six newborns, SHC ( = 22) and WBC ( = 44), were studied utilizing standardized scoring systems for interpretation of EEG and MRI based on the severity of the findings.

Incidence and Outcomes of Pituitary Microadenomas in Children with Short Stature/Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Background/aims: Patients with short stature (SS)/growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and precocious puberty (PP) undergo brain MRI to evaluate for structural brain abnormalities or pituitary lesions, and pituitary microadenomas are a common finding. Theoretically, a mass effect from these lesions could cause GHD and growth hormone treatment could cause them to enlarge, but they should not cause PP, at least in females.

Methods: We investigated if pituitary microadenomas cause GHD by comparing their incidence in patients with SS/GHD to that in females with PP.

Who are they, what do they talk about and who listens to the poor?

The right to a dignified life for all requires overcoming the challenges imposed on the most vulnerable groups, and poverty is one of the oldest and most devastating phenomena. Listening to them is essential to create remediating opportunities. This study aims to identify characteristics of this listening in the context of health promotion and the Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs, an international effort to support the fight against poverty, among others.

MRI Differences Associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Preterm Infants.

Background: Preterm infants are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) further increases this risk. Brain imaging studies are often utilized at or near term-equivalent age to determine later prognosis.

Three-dimensional ultrasound of the neonatal brain: technical approach and spectrum of disease.

Brain pathology is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially in the premature population. While conventional two-dimensional neurosonography is traditionally used for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of brain disorders such as germinal matrix hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and hydrocephalus, three-dimensional ultrasonography has gained popularity in a variety of clinical applications in recent years. Three-dimensional ultrasonography is not yet widely utilized in pediatric imaging but is a potentially powerful tool for evaluating the neonatal brain.

Association between malignancy and non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality caused by deficiency of thiamine. This disease is classically associated with alcoholism, but is underappreciated in the nonalcoholic population. There is growing acknowledgement of the development of Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients with malignancies.

Prenatally Diagnosed Aggressive Intracranial Immature Teratoma-Clinicopathological Correlation.

Objective: To describe clinicopathological correlation of congenital intracranial immature teratoma.

Methods: A retrospective case analysis from a tertiary medical center.

Results: We report a case of an intracranial immature teratoma detected prenatally at 35 weeks of gestation.

Hippocampal Malrotation Is Associated With Prolonged Febrile Seizures: Results of the FEBSTAT Study.

Objective: Hippocampal malrotation is characterized by incomplete hippocampal inversion with a rounded shape and blurred internal architecture. There is still debate about whether hippocampal malrotation has pathologic significance. We present findings from the Consequences of Prolonged Febrile Seizures in Childhood (FEBSTAT) study on the frequency of and risk factors for hippocampal malrotation.

Self-consciousness concept and assessment in self-report measures.

This study examines how self-consciousness is defined and assessed using self-report questionnaires (Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS), Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, Self-Absorption Scale, Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire, and Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale). Authors of self-report measures suggest that self-consciousness can be distinguished by its private/public aspects, its adaptive/maladaptive applied characteristics, and present/past experiences. We examined these claims in a study using 602 young adults to whom the aforementioned scales were administered.

Hippocampal sclerosis after febrile status epilepticus: the FEBSTAT study.

Objective: Whether febrile status epilepticus (FSE) produces hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has long been debated. Our objective is to determine whether FSE produces acute hippocampal injury that evolves to HS.

Methods: FEBSTAT and 2 affiliated studies prospectively recruited 226 children aged 1 month to 6 years with FSE and controls with simple febrile seizures.

Alexithymia and its impact on quality of life in a group of Brazilian women with migraine without aura.

Background: Migraine is a type of primary headache widely known for its impact on quality of life of patients. Although the psychological aspects of the disease are receiving increasing attention in current research, some of them, as alexithymia, are still seldom explored. This study aimed to provide evidence on the relationships between markers of depression, anxiety, alexithymia, self-reflection, insight and quality of life in migraine.

MRI abnormalities following febrile status epilepticus in children: the FEBSTAT study.

Objective: The FEBSTAT study is a prospective study that seeks to determine the acute and long-term consequences of febrile status epilepticus (FSE) in childhood.

Methods: From 2003 to 2010, 199 children age 1 month to 5 years presenting with FSE (>30 minutes) were enrolled in FEBSTAT within 72 hours of the FSE episode. Of these, 191 had imaging with emphasis on the hippocampus.

Prospects for imaging-related biomarkers of human epileptogenesis: a critical review.

To facilitate the study of epileptogenesis in humans, noninvasive biomarkers of epileptogenesis are required. No validated biomarker is currently available, but brain imaging techniques provide many attractive candidates. In this article we examine the imaging features of temporal lobe epilepsy, focusing on those that may precede the onset of epilepsy and correlate with epileptogenesis.

Cranial nerve involvement with juvenile polyarteritis nodosa: clinical manifestations and treatment.

Juvenile polyarteritis nodosa, a rare systemic vasculitis, may present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Neurologic involvement has been reported in as high as 50% to 70% of patients; however, the incidence of cranial nerve palsies is extremely uncommon. We report here the case of a 20-month-old girl with juvenile polyarteritis nodosa who developed cranial nerve III palsy, demonstrated both clinically and radiographically on MRI despite aggressive management with immunosuppressants.

Bone morphogenetic protein regulation of enteric neuronal phenotypic diversity: relationship to timing of cell cycle exit.

The effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on enteric neuron development were examined in transgenic mice overexpressing either the BMP inhibitor, noggin, or BMP4 under control of the neuron specific enolase (NSE) promoter. Noggin antagonism of BMP signaling increased total numbers of enteric neurons and those of subpopulations derived from precursors that exit the cell cycle early in neurogenesis (serotonin, calretinin, calbindin). In contrast, noggin overexpression decreased numbers of neurons derived from precursors that exit the cell cycle late (gamma-aminobutyric acid, tyrosine hydroxylase [TH], dopamine transporter, calcitonin gene-related peptide, TrkC).