Cerebral atherosclerosis is associated with cystic infarcts and microinfarcts but not Alzheimer pathologic changes.

Background And Purpose: Some studies have reported associations between intracranial atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease pathology. We aimed to correlate severity of cerebral atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy with neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and cerebral infarcts.

Methods: This autopsy study (n=163) was drawn from a longitudinal study of subcortical ischemic vascular disease, Alzheimer disease, and normal aging.

Prevalence, laterality, and comorbidity of hippocampal sclerosis in an autopsy sample.

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common and often asymmetric neuropathological finding among elderly persons who experience progressive memory loss, but its cause is unknown and it is rarely diagnosed during life. In order to improve both understanding and diagnosis of late-life HS, bilateral hippocampi and cerebral hemispheres were reviewed in 130 consecutive autopsy cases drawn from a longitudinal study of subjects with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (IVD), Alzheimer disease (AD) and normal aging. HS was found in 31 of 130 cases (24.

Preservation of neurons of the nucleus basalis in subcortical ischemic vascular disease.

Objective: To investigate loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis (NB) of Meynert in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) compared with healthy controls, patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), and patients with mixed AD and SIVD.

Design: Autopsied cases drawn from a longitudinal observational study of patients with SIVD, patients with AD, and healthy controls.

Setting: Multi center, university-affiliated, program project neuropathology core.

Clinical emergence of neurometastatic merkel cell carcinoma: a surgical case series and literature review.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm of possible viral origin and is known for its aggressive behavior. The incidence of MCC has increased in the last 15 years. Merkel cell carcinoma has the potential to metastasize, but rarely involves the central nervous system.

Alzheimer abnormalities of the amygdala with Klüver-Bucy syndrome symptoms: an amygdaloid variant of Alzheimer disease.

Background: Neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques have been observed in the amygdala in Alzheimer disease. A disproportionate abundance of this abnormality in the amygdala may cause behavioral symptoms similar to Klüver-Bucy syndrome.

Objectives: To describe an atypical behavioral presentation of Alzheimer disease and to review the literature on the subject.

Neuropathological basis of magnetic resonance images in aging and dementia.

Objective: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is used widely for assessment of patients with cognitive impairment, but the pathological correlates are unclear, especially when multiple pathologies are present.

Methods: This report includes 93 subjects from a longitudinally followed cohort recruited for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical cerebrovascular disease (CVD). MR images were analyzed to quantify cortical gray matter volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities, and lacunes.

Cognitive impact of subcortical vascular and Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Objective: To assess the interactions among three types of pathology (ie, cerebrovascular disease, hippocampal sclerosis [HS], and Alzheimer's disease [AD]), cognitive status, and apolipoprotein E genotype.

Methods: We report clinicopathological correlations from 79 autopsy cases derived from a prospective longitudinal study of subcortical ischemic vascular disease and AD.

Results: Thirty percent of the cases had significant cerebrovascular parenchymal pathology scores (CVDPS), 54% had significant AD pathology, and 18% had HS.

Correlates of hippocampal neuron number in Alzheimer's disease and ischemic vascular dementia.

The cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus (CA1) sector of hippocampus is vulnerable to both Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type neurofibrillary degeneration and anoxia-ischemia. The objective of this article is to compare number and size of neurons in CA1 in AD versus ischemic vascular dementia. Unbiased stereological methods were used to estimate the number and volume of neurons in 28 autopsy-derived brain samples.

Simultaneous symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst and GH secreting pituitary adenoma: a case report.

A case of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst and growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma is described. A patient presented with a visual field deficit and a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study demonstrated compression of the optic chiasm by a large suprasellar cyst and a small lesion in the sellar consistent with a microadenoma. Preoperative clinical evaluation revealed mild acromegalic features, glucose intolerance, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and carpel tunnel syndrome, and blood testing confirmed an elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

In situ hybridization for detection of nocardial 16S rRNA: reactivity within intracellular inclusions in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys--and in Lewy body-containing human brain specimens.

Our previous studies found that experimental infection of BALB/c mice with the Gram-positive bacterium Nocardia asteroides induced a parkinsonian-type syndrome with levodopa-responsive movement abnormalities, loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, depletion of striatal dopamine, and intraneuronal inclusions in the substantia nigra (SN) with an appearance similar to Lewy bodies. In the present study, an in situ hybridization technique was developed to detect nocardial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), using a Nocardia-specific probe (B77). Cerebral cortical specimens from cynomolgus monkeys were examined for the presence of nocardial RNA 48 h, 3.

AIDS-related myopathy.

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and wasting is one of the defining clinical features of AIDS. Muscular weakness due to myopathy may develop at any stage of HIV infection. We report two illustrative cases of HIV-associated myopathies.