Toxicological Effects of Leachates Extracted from Photocatalytic Concrete Blocks with Nano-TiO on .

The incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles into concrete blocks for paving adds photocatalytic functionality to the cementitious matrix, providing self-cleaning and pollutant-degrading properties. However, wear and leaching from these pavements can release potentially toxic compounds into water bodies, affecting aquatic organisms. In this context, this study evaluated the toxicological effects of leachates from photocatalytic concrete containing nano-TiO with an average size of 10 nm and anatase crystallinity on .

A systematic review of the toxic effects of a nanopesticide on non-target organisms: Estimation of protective concentrations using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach - The case of atrazine.

Nanopesticides, such as nanoencapsulated atrazine (nATZ), have been studied and developed as eco-friendly alternatives to control weeds in fields, requiring lower doses. This review contains a historical and systematic literature review about the toxicity of nATZ to non-target species. In addition, the study establishes protective concentrations for non-target organisms through a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach.

Individual and combined toxicity of imidacloprid and two seed dressing insecticides on collembolans .

The aim of this study was to examine the chronic toxicity of imidacloprid (IMI), clothianidin (CLO) and fipronil (FIP) as a single exposure, as well as binary mixtures of IMI with CLO or FIP toward collembolans , which are fauna present in the soil. Chronic toxicity assays were performed following an ISO guideline in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS), and the influence on the number and growth of the juveniles produced were determined. The range of nominal concentrations used in the tests with the individual compounds was 0.

A simple method to evaluate the toxic effects of Prorocentrum lima extracts to fish (sea bass) kidney cells.

The diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) okadaic acid (OA) and its analogues - the dinophysistoxins (DTXs) - are produced by dinoflagellates such as Prorocentrum lima and can bioaccumulate in filter-feeding organisms as they are transferred through the food web. Although there is no assessment of the harmful effects of these toxins on the fish's immune system, this study developed a primary culture protocol for kidney cells from marine fish Centropomus parallelus and evaluated the immunotoxic effects to P. lima extracts containing DSTs.

Rapid Communication: oxidative stress induced by mixed exposure to glyphosate and silver nanoparticles.

The aim of this study was to examine oxidative stress induced by the binary mixture of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and glyphosate (Gly) in by measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) levels, enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Acute exposure of to binary mixture of AgNP and Gly resulted in significant biochemical responses indicative of oxidative damage. This response seemed to be related to imbalance in enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes associated with intracellular overproduction of ROS and significant increase in MDA levels, indicating that the integrity and function of the cell membrane was damaged.

Application of a phosphonium-based ionic liquid for reactive textile dye removal: Extraction study and toxicological evaluation.

Textile dyeing processes are known for their negative environmental impacts due to the production of aqueous effluents containing toxic dyes. Therefore, new wastewater treatment processes need to be developed to treat such effluents, including Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) process using Ionic Liquids (IL). This work aimed to evaluate the application of the hydrophobic IL trihexyltetradecylphosphonium decanoate to extract black, navy, and royal reactive dyes from water and evaluate the toxicological aspects of the resulting water stream.

Individual and combined multigenerational effects induced by polystyrene nanoplastic and glyphosate in Daphnia magna (Strauss, 1820).

In this study, the acute and multigenerational effects of the individual and combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP - 15.6, 31.2 62.

Interaction Effect of EDTA, Salinity, and Oxide Nanoparticles on Alga and .

The interaction effects of organic ligand ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and oxide nanoparticles (magnetite FeO-NPs and copper CuO-NPs) were investigated during a 72 h period on two green algal species- under freshwater conditions and under saltwater conditions. FeO-NPs had larger agglomerates and very low solubility. CuO-NPs, having smaller agglomerates and higher solubility, were more toxic than FeO-NPs in freshwater conditions for similar mass-based concentrations, especially at 72 h under 100 mg L.

Electrochemical impedance biosensor for detection of saxitoxin in aqueous solution.

Saxitoxin is a cyanotoxin which is very harmful to human health; the concentration limit in drinking water is only 3 μg/L. Therefore, a simple, fast, sensitive, low-cost, and specific method for its detection, quantification, and monitoring in water bodies is needed to avoid adverse effects on animal and human health. In this work, we developed an electrochemical impedimetric biosensor using a specific aptamer as recognition element for saxitoxin detection.

Chronic effects of clothianidin to non-target soil invertebrates: Ecological risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach.

This study aimed to assess the chronic toxicity and risk of clothianidin in a seed dressing formulation to non-target soil invertebrates. The toxicity assays were performed with two oligochaetes (earthworms Eisenia andrei and enchytraeids Enchytraeus crypticus) and three collembolans (Folsomia candida, Proisotoma minuta and Sinella curviseta) species following ISO protocols. Risk assessment (via Hazard Quotient approach - HQ) was based on the hazardous concentrations for 95% of the species (HC), derived from chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for clothianidin, and on its predicted environmental concentrations (PEC).

Toxicological effects of leachate extracts from asphalt mixtures nanomodified under Daphnia magna and Landoltia punctata test organisms.

The incorporation of nanomaterials in binders in the paving area has been studied to improve the mechanical behavior of asphalt mixtures. However, asphalt mixture compounds are susceptible to leaching and deposition in the environment. In this context, this research aimed to investigate the toxic effect of two leachate extracts from asphalt mixtures nanomodified with 2% carbon nanotube and 3% organophilic nanoclay, compared to conventional mixture, using Daphnia magna and Landoltia punctata as test organisms.

Can the sonication of polystyrene nanoparticles alter the acute toxicity and swimming behavior results for Daphnia magna?

The seemingly ubiquitous presence of plastic debris led to a greater focus on micro- and nanoplastics research derived from the degradation process of macroplastics. The ingestion and consequent accumulation of plastics on the biota are the main concerns. Researchers strive to make assay conditions as close as possible to those of the environment.

Acute and chronic toxicity of amine-functionalized SiO nanostructures toward Daphnia magna.

Silicon oxide (SiO) nanostructures (SiONS) are increasingly being incorporated into an array of products, notably in the food, pharmaceutical, medical industries and in water treatment systems. Amorphous SiONS have low toxicity, however, due to their great versatility, superficial modifications can be made and these altered structures require toxicological investigation. In this study, SiONS were synthetized and amine-functionalized with the molecules (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane (AEAEAPTMS), named SiONS@1 and SiONS@3, respectively.

Multigenerational Toxic Effects on Daphnia magna Induced by Silver Nanoparticles and Glyphosate Mixture.

Multigenerational toxicological effects of a binary mixture of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with glyphosate were identified in Daphnia magna using acute and chronic toxicity tests. Acute toxicity interactions were analyzed with the Abbott method. In the chronic tests, the survival, growth, reproduction, and age at first brood were evaluated for the parents and the exposed (F1E) and non-exposed (F1NE) descendants.

Probabilistic model for assessing occupational risk during the handling of nanomaterials.

Exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) can be considered as human, occupational or environmental. Occupational exposure may be experienced by the workers and/or researchers who develop and produce these products and the hazards inherent to exposure are not yet fully known. Quantitative and qualitative methods are available to estimate the occupational risks associated with the handling of NMs, however, both have limitations.

Membrane adsorption with polyacrylonitrile prepared with superfine powder-activated carbon, case study: separation process applied in water treatment containing diclofenac.

Polyacrylonitrile membranes (PAN) have high stability against chemical agents, making them suitable for a wide range of applications as such Ultrafiltration processes. Ultrafiltration membranes composed of PAN/Superfine powder activated carbon (S-PAC) mixtures can be a good research route, aiming the development of a new separation processes for water treatment. The association of materials to form a single product can have technological and economic advantages in separation processes.

Toxicity of binary mixtures of AlO and ZnO nanoparticles toward fibroblast and bronchial epithelium cells.

The objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of AlO and ZnO NPs using mouse fibroblast cells (L929) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) as biological test systems. The synergistic, additive, or antagonistic behavior of the binary mixture was also investigated. In toxicity experiments, cellular morphology, mitochondrial function (MTT assay), apoptosis, nuclear size and shape, clonogenic assays, and damage based upon oxidative stress parameters were assessed under control and NPs exposure conditions.

Toxicological effects of AgNPs on duckweed (Landoltia punctata).

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied in several types of products since they act as a biocide. However, their high level of release into the environment can bring risks to ecosystems. Thus, the toxicity of AgNPs toward duckweed (Landoltia punctata) was investigated by monitoring the growth rate inhibition and the effect on the photosynthetic metabolism through morphological and ultrastructural analysis.

Crystalline phase-dependent toxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles toward Daphnia magna and ecological risk assessment.

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) can be found in different crystalline phases, and with the emergence of nanotechnology there has been a rapid increase in the demand for AlO NPs in different engineering areas and for consumer products. However, a careful evaluation of the potential environmental and human health risks is required to assess the implications of the release of AlO NPs into the environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of two crystalline phases of AlO NPs, alpha (α-AlO NPs) and eta (η-AlO NPs), toward Daphnia magna and evaluate the risk to the aquatic ecology of AlO NPs with different crystalline phases, based on a probabilistic approach.

Comparison of cytotoxicity of α-AlO and η-AlO nanoparticles toward neuronal and bronchial cells.

The role of the crystalline structure on the toxicity of two phases of AlO NPs, alpha (α-AlO NPs) and eta (η-AlO NPs), was investigated in this study. Different techniques were employed for the characterization of the AlO NPs and multiple toxicological endpoints were used to assess the toxicity toward mouse neuroblastoma (N2A) and human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Based on the results of the multiple toxicological endpoints, revealed differences in the toxic potential results for α-AlO NPs and η-AlO NPs, with the latter showing a more pronounced effect.

Toxicological Evaluation and Quantification of Ingested Metal-Core Nanoplastic by Daphnia magna Through Fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Methods.

There are few studies on nanoplastic that propose quantification of the amount ingested combined with evaluation of the toxic effects on aquatic organisms. We propose 2 methods to quantify the amount of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP) ingested by Daphnia magna: fluorescence intensity, where a fluorescent monomer (F) is added to the PSNP and quantified through fluorescence light microscopy, and total aluminum quantification, where PSNP is synthesized with Al O metal-core nanoparticles and used for quantification of the nanoplastic ingested by the organism Daphnia magna using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In addition, the PSNP was functionalized with palmitic acid to simulate the environmental conditions leading to biological and chemical transformations.

Can the surface modification and/or morphology affect the ecotoxicity of zinc oxide nanomaterials?

Among nanomaterials, zinc oxide (ZnO) is notable for its excellent biocidal properties. In particular, it can be incorporated in mortars to prevent biofouling. However, the morphology of these nanomaterials (NMs) and their impact on the action against biofouling are still unknown.

Comparative assessment of acute and chronic ecotoxicity of water soluble fractions of diesel and biodiesel on Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri.

The widespread use of diesel as a transportation fuel and the introduction of biodiesel into the world energy matrix increase the likelihood of aquatic contamination with these fuels. In this case, it is important to know the environmental impacts caused by water-soluble fraction (WSF) of these fuels, since it is the portion that can result in long-term impacts and affect regions far away from the location of a spill. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the aquatic ecotoxicity of the WSF of biodiesel and diesel through acute ecotoxicity tests with the aquatic microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri, as well as chronic ecotoxicity tests with D.

Investigation of toxicological effects of amorphous silica nanostructures with amine-functionalized surfaces on Vero cells.

Amorphous silica (SiO) nanostructures are described in the literature as having low toxicity and are widely used in many industrial products. However, surface modifications, such as amine-functionalization, can result in increased cytotoxicity. In this study, amorphous SiO nanostructures (SiO NS) were synthesized and amine-functionalized with two different amine molecules: primary (SiO NS@1) and tri-amine (SiO NS@3).