Food Allergy Prevalence in Two Population-Based UK Cohorts Born 12 Years Apart.

Background: Adverse food reactions include food allergy (FA; immune-mediated) and food intolerances (non-immune-mediated). FA are classified into IgE- and non-IgE-mediated FA. There is limited information available about changes in FA prevalence over time.

Methylated ctDNA predicts early recurrence risk in patients undergoing resection of initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: Patients with initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (IU-CRLM) might benefit from using an effective systemic treatment followed by resection of liver metastases but the curative success rate is quite low. Indeed, nearly one-third of patients exhibit early recurrence within the first 6 months after surgery, and these individuals often have poor overall survival.

Objectives: This study aims to clarify the application value of serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis in predicting the clinical outcome of IU-CRLM patients following liver metastasectomy.

Delineating the molecular landscape of different histopathological growth patterns in colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: Histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) have shown important prognostic values for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases, but the potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Methods: We performed an exploratory analysis by conducting the RNA sequencing of primary colorectal lesions, colorectal liver metastatic lesions and normal liver tissues.

Findings: We found that desmoplastic HGPs of the metastatic lesions were significantly enriched in EMT, angiogenesis, stroma, and immune signaling pathways, while replacement HGPs were enriched in metabolism, cell cycle, and DNA damage repair pathways.

A Prehepatectomy Circulating Exosomal microRNA Signature Predicts the Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Benefits in Colorectal Liver Metastasis.

Background: The clinical risk score (CRS) for prediction and treatment decision in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is important, but imprecise. Exosomal miRNAs play critical roles in CRLM-related biological behavior. However, an exosomal miRNA score system for predicting posthepatectomy survival and the adjuvant chemotherapy benefit of CRLM remains elusive.

Circulating PD-L1 is associated with T cell infiltration and predicts prognosis in patients with CRLM following hepatic resection.

Background: Exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) could induce immunosuppression functionally, thus impairing patients' survival in melanoma, NSCLC, and gastric cancer. However, no evidence demonstrates the feasibility of circulating exoPD-L1 and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as biomarkers for prognosis and early recurrence in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients following hepatectomy or their association with T cell infiltration at liver metastases.

Methods: In cohort 1, exoPD-L1 and sPD-L1 were preoperatively tested using ELISA.

Paclitaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy for locally advanced borderline-resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase II clinical trial.

Purpose: This phase II trial aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced borderline-resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (BR-ESCC).

Methods: Patients with primary tumor or bulky lymph nodes that might invade nearby organs were eligible. Treatment started with 2-3 cycles of TPF induction chemotherapy, followed by surgery if the tumor was assessed resectable, or by radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy if unresectable.

A quantitative score of immune cell infiltration predicts the prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive and dense fibrous stroma, which plays an active role in tumor growth and metastasis. Despite the growing importance of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC prognosis, the immune cell infiltration landscape of PDAC has not been elucidated. In this study, we applied a credible computational algorithm to comprehensively estimate the immune cell infiltration (ICI) patterns of 876 PDAC patients.

Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA to predict prognosis and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases.

Hepatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) may improve survival, however, patients which may benefit cannot currently be identified. Postoperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis can detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and predict the prognosis and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy. Our study aims to determine the impact of serial ctDNA analysis to predict the outcome among patients undergoing resection of CRLM.

USP9X-mediated KDM4C deubiquitination promotes lung cancer radioresistance by epigenetically inducing TGF-β2 transcription.

Radioresistance is regarded as the main barrier to effective radiotherapy in lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance remain elusive. Here, we show that lysine-specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C) is overexpressed and correlated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients.

Tc-HDP quantitative SPECT/CT in transthyretin cardiac amyloid and the development of a reference interval for myocardial uptake in the non-affected population.

Background: 99mTechnetium-HDP (HDP) bone scans differentiate transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloid from other infiltrative myocardial diseases. These scans are not quantitative and are assessed by comparing myocardial uptake to bone. This study examined whether quantitative HDP SPECT/CT can discriminate individuals with cardiac ATTR from the population without this disease.

68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Neurofibromas Demonstrated on PET/CT in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

We present a case of Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging of PSMA expression in neurofibromas in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (or von Recklinghausen disease). PSMA uptake has previously been demonstrated in schwannomas both with PET and histological staining. The presented images confirm that PSMA expression in cutaneous neurofibromas can be well imaged with PET, with uptake mostly at relatively low levels.

Rectal Carcinoma on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

We report on a case of biopsy-proven and MRI-staged rectal carcinoma with avid prostate-specific membrane antigen (prostate-specific membrane antigen) uptake on Ga PET/CT as part of the workup for synchronous prostate cancer. This case adds to the growing number of observational reports on the presence of significant nonprostatic prostate-specific membrane antigen activity in malignant tumors and highlights the need for careful interpretation of unsuspected sites.

Gallium-68 PSMA uptake in adrenal adenoma.

Gallium-68 (Ga-68) labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a promising tool for staging of prostate cancer and restaging of disease in recurrence or biochemical failure after definitive treatment of prostate cancer. Ga-68 PSMA PET produces high target-to-background images of prostate cancer and its metastases which are reflective of the significant overexpression of PSMA in these cells and greatly facilitates tumour detection. However, relatively little is known about the PSMA expression of benign neoplasms and non-prostate epithelial malignancies.

The 'double pituitary hot spot' sign of skull base meningioma on gallium-68-labelled somatostatin analogue PET.

Gallium-68 ((68) Ga)-labelled somatostatin analogue imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly replacing single photon (such as (111) In-labelled octreotide) imaging in the detection and staging of carcinoid and other neuroendocrine tumours. Among other tissues, pituitary uptake of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-octreotate (DOTA-TATE) and other somatostatin analogues is physiological. DOTA-TATE also accumulates in meningiomas, which have a high density of somatostatin receptor expression.

Detectability of planetary characteristics in disk-averaged spectra. I: The Earth model.

Over the next 2 decades, NASA and ESA are planning a series of space-based observatories to detect and characterize extrasolar planets. This first generation of observatories will not be able to spatially resolve the terrestrial planets detected. Instead, these planets will be characterized by disk-averaged spectroscopy.

Disk-averaged synthetic spectra of Mars.

The principal goal of the NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and European Space Agency's Darwin mission concepts is to directly detect and characterize extrasolar terrestrial (Earthsized) planets. This first generation of instruments is expected to provide disk-averaged spectra with modest spectral resolution and signal-to-noise. Here we use a spatially and spectrally resolved model of a Mars-like planet to study the detectability of a planet's surface and atmospheric properties from disk-averaged spectra.