Publications by authors named "William E Spears"

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage can be a devastating disease, with an in-hospital mortality rate of up to 20%. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association 2023 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Guidelines provide a comprehensive update to the 2012 Guidelines based on a systematic review of the intervening evidence. The guidelines are broad in scope, covering prehospital care, aneurysm treatment modality, medical complications, detection and treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia, and recovery.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Many Gram-negative pathogens encode type 3 secretion systems, sophisticated nanomachines that deliver proteins directly into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. These systems present attractive opportunities for therapeutic protein delivery applications; however, their utility has been limited by their inherent pathogenicity. Here, we report the reengineering of a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli with a tunable type 3 secretion system that can efficiently deliver heterologous proteins into mammalian cells, thereby circumventing the need for virulence attenuation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF