Cross-Sectional Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces During Jumps in Professional Baseball Players.

Amonette, WE, Vazquez, J, and Coleman, AE. Cross-sectional analysis of ground reaction forces during jumps in professional baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1616-1622, 2023-This study described and compared force plate kinetics in major (MLB) and minor (MiLB) baseball players while performing vertical jumps (CMVJ), squat jumps (SSJ), and depth jumps (DJ).

Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players.

Kayacan, Y, Makaracı, Y, Ucar, C, Amonette, WE, and Yıldız, S. Heart rate variability and cortisol levels before and after a brief anaerobic exercise in handball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1479-1485, 2023-Evaluating stress in athletes is important for monitoring overall physiologic load and is a core practice for sport performance teams.

Effects of whole-body vibration exercise on bone mineral content and density in thermally injured children.

Background: Loss of bone mass, muscle mass, and strength leads to significant disability in severely burned children. We assessed the effects of exercise combined with whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone mass, lean mass (LM), and muscle strength in children recovering from burns.

Methods: Nineteen burned children (≥30% total body surface area [TBSA] burns) were randomly assigned to a 6-week exercise regimen either alone (EX; n=10) or in combination with a 6-week WBV training regimen (EX+WBV; n=9).

Neurocognitive responses to a single session of static squats with whole body vibration.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the head accelerations using a common whole body vibration (WBV) exercise protocol acutely reduced neurocognition in healthy subjects. Second, we investigated differential responses to WBV plates with 2 different delivery mechanisms: vertical and rotational vibrations. Twelve healthy subjects (N = 12) volunteered and completed a baseline (BASE) neurocognitive assessment: the Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT).

Sprint Accelerations to First Base Among Major League Baseball Players With Different Years of Career Experience.

The purpose of this article was to compare times to first base in Major League Baseball games to determine whether running velocity decreases to the foul line and first base among players with differing years of playing experience. From 1998 to 2012, 1,185 sprint times to first base were analyzed: 469 outfielders, 601 infielders, and 115 catchers. The players were divided into differing experience categories depending on their years of service in Major League Baseball: 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-20+ years.

Blunted IL-6 and IL-10 response to maximal aerobic exercise in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: In healthy individuals, strenuous exercise typically results in a transient increase in the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6). This increase in IL-6 is reported to have pleiotropic effects including increased glucose uptake, increased fat oxidation, and anti-inflammatory actions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a differential cytokine response to exercise compared to healthy control subjects (CON).

Physical determinants of interval sprint times in youth soccer players.

Relationships between sprinting speed, body mass, and vertical jump kinetics were assessed in 243 male soccer athletes ranging from 10-19 years. Participants ran a maximal 36.6 meter sprint; times at 9.

Ventilatory anaerobic thresholds of individuals recovering from traumatic brain injury compared with noninjured controls.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the peak aerobic capacities and ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VAT) of individuals with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) to age- and gender-matched controls.

Methods: Nineteen participants that previously suffered a mild to moderate TBI and 19 apparently healthy controls volunteered as subjects. Traumatic brain injury and healthy controls were matched for age and gender and were similar in weight and body mass index.

Peak vertical jump power estimations in youths and young adults.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a regression equation to estimate peak power (PP) using a large sample of athletic youths and young adults. Anthropometric and vertical jump ground reaction forces were collected from 460 male volunteers (age: 12-24 years). Of these 460 volunteers, a stratified random sample of 45 subjects representing 3 different age groups (12-15 years [n = 15], 16-18 years [n = 15], and 19-24 years [n = 15]) was selected as a validation sample.

Pure acceleration is the primary determinant of speed to first-base in major-league baseball game situations.

The purposes of this research were to (a) quantify interval sprint times between Home-Plate and the Foul-Line and the Foul-Line and First-Base, (b) determine if differences exist in interval velocities and acceleration between left- and right-handed batters or between-position groupings, and (c) to quantify determinants of time to First-Base in Major-League Baseball players during actual games. A total of 1,896 sprint times to the Foul-Line (13.7 m) and First-Base (27.

Metabolic responses of upper-body accelerometer-controlled video games in adults.

Historically, video games required little physical exertion, but new systems utilize handheld accelerometers that require upper-body movement. It is not fully understood if the metabolic workload while playing these games is sufficient to replace routine physical activity. The purpose of this study was to quantify metabolic workloads and estimate caloric expenditure while playing upper-body accelerometer-controlled and classic seated video games.

Anthropometric and performance differences among high-school football players.

The purpose of this study was to examine physical and performance differences between grade levels and playing positions within High-School football players. Two thousand three hundred and twenty-seven athletes were tested for height, weight, 40-yd sprint time, proagility time, and vertical jump height. Mean scores across age groups and playing positions were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVAs.

Nullius in verba: a call for the incorporation of evidence-based practice into the discipline of exercise science.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a concept that was popularized in the early 1990s by several physicians who recognized that medical practice should be based on the best and most current available evidence. Although this concept seems self-evident, much of medical practice was based on outdated textbooks and oral tradition passed down in medical school. Currently, exercise science is in a similar situation.

Endurance training and cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To examine the importance of cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and provide recommendations for patients recovering from TBI.

Method: Review of literature assessing the effectiveness of endurance training programs.

Main Outcomes And Results: A sedentary lifestyle and lack of endurance are common characteristics of individuals with TBI who have a reduction in peak aerobic capacity of 25% to 30% compared with healthy sedentary persons.

Effects of different lifting cadences on ground reaction forces during the squat exercise.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of different lifting cadences on the ground reaction force (GRF) during the squat exercise. Squats performed with greater acceleration will produce greater inertial forces; however, it is not well understood how different squat cadences affect GRF. The hypotheses were that faster squat cadences would result in greater peak GRF and that the contributions of the body and barbell, both of equivalent mass, to total system inertial force would not be different.

Vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during whole-body vibration training.

Purpose: Excessive, chronic whole-body vibration (WBV) has a number of negative side effects on the human body, including disorders of the skeletal, digestive, reproductive, visual, and vestibular systems. Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) is intentional exposure to WBV to increase leg muscle strength, bone mineral density, health-related quality of life, and decrease back pain. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during typical WBVT regimens.

Variation in neuromuscular responses during acute whole-body vibration exercise.

Purpose: Leg muscle strength and power are increased after whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise. These effects may result from increased neuromuscular activation during WBV; however, previous studies of neuromuscular responses during WBV have not accounted for motion artifact.

Methods: Sixteen healthy adults performed a series of static and dynamic unloaded squats with and without two different directions of WBV (rotational vibration, RV; and vertical vibration, VV; 30 Hz; 4 mmp-p).

Training with the International Space Station interim resistive exercise device.

Unlabelled: A unique, interim elastomer-based resistive exercise device (iRED) is being used on the International Space Station.

Purpose: This study characterized iRED training responses in a 1-g environment by: 1) determining whether 16 wk of high-intensity training with iRED produces increases in muscle strength and volume and bone mineral density (BMD), 2) comparing training responses with iRED to free weights, and 3) comparing iRED training responses at two training volumes.

Methods: Twenty-eight untrained men were assigned to four groups of seven subjects each: a no exercise control group (CON), an iRED group who trained with three sets/exercise (iRED3), a free-weight group (FW) who trained with three sets/exercise, and an iRED group who trained with six sets/exercise (iRED6).