Additively manufactured Ti-Ta-Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants.

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders.

3D Printing in alloy design to improve biocompatibility in metallic implants.

3D Printing (3DP) or additive manufacturing (AM) enables parts with complex shapes, design flexibility, and customization opportunities for defect specific patient-matched implants. 3DP or AM also offers a design platform that can be used to innovate novel alloys for application-specific compositional modifications. In medical applications, the biological response from a host tissue depends on a biomaterial's structural and compositional properties in the physiological environment.

Additively manufactured calcium phosphate reinforced CoCrMo alloy: Bio-tribological and biocompatibility evaluation for load-bearing implants.

Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys are widely used in load-bearing implants; specifically, in hip, knee, and spinal applications due to their excellent wear resistance. However, due to corrosion and mechanically assisted corrosion, metal ion release occurs and accounts for poor biocompatibility. Therefore, a significant interest to find an alternative to CoCrMo alloy exists.

Effects of MgO and SiO on Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating: An in Vivo Study in Rat Distal Femoral Defects.

Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium implants have been widely used in orthopedic applications due to their inheritance of an excellent mechanical property from titanium and great osteoconductivity from HA. However, the lack of osteoinductivity limits their further applications. In this study, 1 wt % MgO and 0.

Nonclinical Profile of BLZ-100, a Tumor-Targeting Fluorescent Imaging Agent.

BLZ-100 is a single intravenous use, fluorescent imaging agent that labels tumor tissue to enable more complete and precise surgical resection. It is composed of a chlorotoxin peptide covalently bound to the near-infrared fluorophore indocyanine green. BLZ-100 is in clinical development for intraoperative visualization of human tumors.

Preclinical Validation of the Utility of BLZ-100 in Providing Fluorescence Contrast for Imaging Spontaneous Solid Tumors.

There is a need in surgical oncology for contrast agents that can enable real-time intraoperative visualization of solid tumors that can enable complete resections while sparing normal surrounding tissues. The Tumor Paint agent BLZ-100 is a peptide-fluorophore conjugate that can specifically bind solid tumors and fluoresce in the near-infrared range, minimizing light scatter and signal attenuation. In this study, we provide a preclinical proof of concept for use of this imaging contrast agent as administered before surgery to dogs with a variety of naturally occurring spontaneous tumors.

Doped tricalcium phosphate scaffolds by thermal decomposition of naphthalene: Mechanical properties and in vivo osteogenesis in a rabbit femur model.

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a bioceramic that is widely used in orthopedic and dental applications. TCP structures show excellent biocompatibility as well as biodegradability. In this study, porous β-TCP scaffolds were prepared by thermal decomposition of naphthalene.

SrO- and MgO-doped microwave sintered 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds: mechanical properties and in vivo osteogenesis in a rabbit model.

The presence of interconnected macro pores allows guided tissue regeneration in tissue engineering scaffolds. However, highly porous scaffolds suffer from having poor mechanical strength. Previously, we showed that microwave sintering could successfully be used to improve mechanical strength of macro porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds.

Dysregulated microRNA clusters in response to retinoic acid and CYP26B1 inhibitor induced testicular function in dogs.

Spermatogenesis is a multistep synchronized process. Diploid spermatogonia differentiate into haploid spermatozoa following mitosis, meiosis and spermiogenesis. Division and differentiation of male germ cells is achieved through the sequential expression of several genes.

Use of single-agent carboplatin as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy in conjunction with amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs.

Survival following amputation and administration of single-agent carboplatin for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs was retrospectively examined. Records of 155 dogs with appendicular OSA treated with amputation and single-agent carboplatin were included from 14 centers. Any carboplatin dosage, number of doses, and protocol schedule were eligible for inclusion.

Oncologic outcome after curative-intent treatment in 39 dogs with primary chest wall tumors (1992-2005).

Objective: To describe the clinical features and determine oncologic outcome and prognostic factors for dogs with primary tumors of the osseous chest wall.

Study Design: Historical cohort.

Animals: Dogs (n=39) with spontaneous tumors involving the chest wall.

Reconstruction of chest wall defects after rib tumor resection: a comparison of autogenous, prosthetic, and composite techniques in 44 dogs.

Objective: To compare short- and long-term outcome and complications of chest wall reconstruction in dogs using autogenous, prosthetic, and composite autogenous-prosthetic techniques.

Study Design: Historical cohort.

Animals: Dogs (n=44) with spontaneous tumors arising from or involving the chest wall.

Use of alternating administration of carboplatin and doxorubicin in dogs with microscopic metastases after amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma: 50 cases (1999-2006).

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of an alternating carboplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy protocol in dogs with putative microscopic metastases after amputation for appendicular osteosarcoma and assess patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors for associations with prognosis.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 50 client-owned dogs.

Doxorubicin and BAY 12-9566 for the treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: This study was designed to assess the efficacy of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in prolonging posttreatment survival for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma after treatment with amputation and doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Hypothesis: Survival will be prolonged in dogs receiving BAY 12-9566.

Animals: The study included 303 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.

Evaluation of primary re-excision after recent inadequate resection of soft tissue sarcomas in dogs: 41 cases (1999-2004).

Objective: To determine the efficacy of primary re-excision alone for treatment of soft tissue sarcomas after recent incomplete resection, the frequency and clinical importance of detecting residual tumor in resected scars, and prognostic factors associated with the procedure.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 41 dogs.

Mechanical characteristics of cortical bone pins designed for fracture fixation.

Pins constructed from cortical bone may provide a reasonable alternative to other fracture-fixation devices by circumventing some of the complications associated with stainless steel and synthetic biodegradable implants. However, it is unknown whether cortical bone pins provide comparable strength compared to conventional pins. Using four-point bending, we compared the mechanical characteristics of 1.

Cortical allograft and endoprosthesis for limb-sparing surgery in dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma: a prospective clinical comparison of two different limb-sparing techniques.

Objective: To compare surgical and oncologic outcome in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA) of the distal aspect of the radius treated with limb-sparing surgery, using either a cortical allograft or endoprosthesis, and postoperative chemotherapy; and to evaluate predictive factors for outcome.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 20) with spontaneous, non-metastatic OSA of the distal aspect of the radius.

Initial wound management.

A wounded patient can be presented to the veterinary surgeon under a number of circumstances. The wound could result from external trauma,such as vehicle trauma or an animal fight, or it could have been created by surgical intervention, such as the removal of a mass. A wound could also be secondary to a failed initial attempt at wound closure.

Evaluation of survival time in dogs with stage III osteosarcoma that undergo treatment: 90 cases (1985-2004).

OBJECTIVE-To assess survival time in dogs that underwent treatment for stage III osteosarcoma and evaluate factors affecting survival. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-90 dogs with stage III osteosarcoma.

Evaluation of prognostic factors associated with outcome in dogs with multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors treated with surgery with and without adjuvant treatment: 54 cases (1998-2004).

Objective: To evaluate prognostic factors associated with outcome of dogs with multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) treated with surgery with or without adjuvant treatment.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 54 dogs with a minimum of 2 simultaneous, histologically confirmed cutaneous MCTs that had been excised and had adequate staging and follow-up data.

Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for treatment of lung tumors in dogs.

Objective: To report use of thoracoscopic lung lobectomy (TLL) for treatment of lung tumors (LT) in dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Nine dogs.

Improved survival associated with postoperative wound infection in dogs treated with limb-salvage surgery for osteosarcoma.

Background: Limb-salvage surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are performed as a treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs. Approximately 50% of dogs that undergo limb-salvage surgery develop postoperative surgical wound infections. Postoperative surgical infections may affect survival in cancer patients.

Incidence and prognostic importance of lymph node metastases in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 228 cases (1986-2003).

Objective: To determine the incidence of regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and determine whether regional lymph node metastasis was associated with shortened disease-free interval or survival time.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 228 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma in which regional lymph nodes were examined histologically at the time of limb amputation.

Limb-sparing surgery in a dog with osteosarcoma of the proximal femur.

Objective: To report successful limb-sparing surgery in a dog with a proximal femoral osteosarcoma (OSA) using a composite allograft-prosthetic technique.

Study Design: Case report.

Animal: Client-owned dog.