Correction: Hormetic and transgenerational effects in spotted-wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in response to three commonly-used insecticides.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Spatial distribution and fixed-precision sequential sampling plans for (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) adults in primocane raspberry: influence of foliar insecticides.

The Japanese beetle, Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an invasive species from northern Japan, was first detected in Minnesota in 1968. According to fruit growers and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, population size and feeding damage has been an increasing concern since 2010. Based on trap-catch data, populations have recently exceeded 4,000 beetles/trap/week during July-August near raspberry fields, and can increase by an order of magnitude within 7-10 days.

Climate change exacerbates the environmental impacts of agriculture.

Agriculture's global environmental impacts are widely expected to continue expanding, driven by population and economic growth and dietary changes. This Review highlights climate change as an additional amplifier of agriculture's environmental impacts, by reducing agricultural productivity, reducing the efficacy of agrochemicals, increasing soil erosion, accelerating the growth and expanding the range of crop diseases and pests, and increasing land clearing. We identify multiple pathways through which climate change intensifies agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, creating a potentially powerful climate change-reinforcing feedback loop.

Interrogating basal ganglia circuit function in people with Parkinson's disease and dystonia.

Background: The dichotomy between the hypo- versus hyperkinetic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia, respectively, is thought to be reflected in the underlying basal ganglia pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated differences in globus pallidus internus (GPi) neuronal activity, and short- and long-term plasticity of direct pathway projections.

Methods: Using microelectrode recording data collected from the GPi during deep brain stimulation surgery, we compared neuronal spiketrain features between people with PD and those with dystonia, as well as correlated neuronal features with respective clinical scores.

Lateralized Subthalamic Stimulation for Axial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Exploratory Outcomes and Open-Label Extension.

Background: A randomized trial suggested that reducing left-sided subthalamic stimulation amplitude could improve axial dysfunction.

Objectives: To explore open-label tolerability and associations between trial outcomes and asymmetry data.

Methods: We collected adverse events in trial participants treated with open-label lateralized settings for ≥3 months.

Modulation of neuronal activity in human centromedian nucleus during an auditory attention and working memory task.

Centromedian nucleus (CM) is one of several intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and is thought to be involved in consciousness, arousal, and attention. CM has been suggested to play a key role in the control of attention, by regulating the flow of information to different brain regions such as the ascending reticular system, basal ganglia, and cortex. While the neurophysiology of attention in visual and auditory systems has been studied in animal models, combined single unit and LFP recordings in human have not, to our knowledge, been reported.

Continental-scale migration patterns and origin of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) based on a biogeochemical marker.

Insect migrations have ecological and economic impacts, particularly in agriculture. However, there is limited knowledge about the migratory movements of pests at the continental scale, which is an important factor influencing the spread of resistance genes. Understanding the migratory patterns of economic pests, like Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is essential for improving Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Insect Resistance Management (IRM) strategies.

Auditory oddball responses in the human subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata.

The auditory oddball is a mainstay in research on attention, novelty, and sensory prediction. How this task engages subcortical structures like the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata is unclear. We administered an auditory OB task while recording single unit activity (35 units) and local field potentials (57 recordings) from the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata of 30 patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery.

Hail netting: an economically competitive IPM alternative to insecticides for Midwest apple production.

Apple orchards are highly managed agricultural ecosystems where growers typically rely on insecticides to minimize the risk of pest-related fruit losses. Apple growers practicing integrated pest management require cost-effective alternatives to conventional insecticides for control of major pests such as codling moth ( L.) and apple maggot ( Walsh).

Corrigendum: Modeling-informed Engineered Genetic Incompatibility strategies to overcome resistance in the invasive .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.

Subthalamic and pallidal neurons are modulated during externally cued movements in Parkinson's disease.

External sensory cues can reduce freezing of gait in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the role of the basal ganglia in these movements is unclear. We used microelectrode recordings to examine modulations in single unit (SU) and oscillatory local field potentials (LFP) during auditory-cued rhythmic pedaling movements of the feet. We tested five blocks of increasing cue frequencies (1 Hz, 1.

Hail netting excludes key insect pests and protects from fruit damage in a commercial Minnesota apple orchard.

Exclusion netting in some European and North American apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen, Rosaceae, Rosales) orchards has been documented to be an effective method of control for multiple insect pest species. By minimizing reliance on insecticides, these orchards have reduced costs, risks to the environment and non-target species, and reduced the risk of insecticide resistance. This study examined the use of commercially available hail netting (DrapeNet®; Prosser, WA) as a pest exclusion strategy under conditions in Minnesota, USA.

Extended Sentinel Monitoring of Resistance to Cry and Vip3Aa Toxins in Bt Sweet Corn: Assessing Changes in Phenotypic and Allele Frequencies of Resistance.

Transgenic corn and cotton that produce Cry and Vip3Aa toxins derived from (Bt) are widely planted in the United States to control lepidopteran pests. The sustainability of these Bt crops is threatened because the corn earworm/bollworm, (Boddie), is evolving a resistance to these toxins. Using Bt sweet corn as a sentinel plant to monitor the evolution of resistance, collaborators established 146 trials in twenty-five states and five Canadian provinces during 2020-2022.

Beta band oscillations in the motor thalamus are modulated by visuomotor coordination in essential tremor patients.

Introduction: Beta oscillations in sensorimotor structures contribute to the planning, sequencing, and stopping of movements, functions that are typically associated with the role of the basal ganglia. The presence of beta oscillations (13-30 Hz) in the cerebellar zone of the thalamus (the ventral intermediate nucleus - Vim) indicates that this rhythm may also be involved in cerebellar functions such as motor learning and visuomotor adaptation.

Methods: To investigate the possible role of Vim beta oscillations in visuomotor coordination, we recorded local field potential (LFP) and multiunit activity from the Vim of essential tremor (ET) patients during neurosurgery for the implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes.

Modeling Instantaneous Firing Rate of Deep Brain Stimulation Target Neuronal Ensembles in the Basal Ganglia and Thalamus.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders, including Parkinson disease and essential tremor. However, the underlying mechanisms of DBS remain elusive. Despite the capability of existing models in interpreting experimental data qualitatively, there are very few unified computational models that quantitatively capture the dynamics of the neuronal activity of varying stimulated nuclei-including subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim)-across different DBS frequencies.

Top-down control of human motor thalamic neuronal activity during the auditory oddball task.

The neurophysiology of selective attention in visual and auditory systems has been studied in animal models but not with single unit recordings in human. Here, we recorded neuronal activity in the ventral intermediate nucleus as well as the ventral oral anterior, and posterior nuclei of the motor thalamus in 25 patients with parkinsonian (n = 6) and non-parkinsonian tremors (n = 19) prior to insertion of deep brain stimulation electrodes while they performed an auditory oddball task. In this task, patients were requested to attend and count the randomly occurring odd or "deviant" tones, ignore the frequent standard tones and report the number of deviant tones at trial completion.

Long-Term Follow-Up on Bilateral Posterior Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Treating Refractory Aggressive Behavior in a Patient with Cri du Chat Syndrome: Analysis of Clinical Data, Intraoperative Microdialysis, and Imaging Connectomics.

Posterior hypothalamic-deep brain stimulation (pHyp-DBS) has been reported as a successful treatment for reducing refractory aggressive behaviors in patients with distinct primary diagnoses. Here, we report on a patient with cri du chat syndrome presenting severe self-injury and aggressive behaviors toward others, who was treated with pHyp-DBS. Positive results were observed at long-term follow-up in aggressive behavior and quality of life.

Long-Term Recording of Subthalamic Aperiodic Activities and Beta Bursts in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Local field potentials (LFPs) represent the summation of periodic (oscillations) and aperiodic (fractal) signals. Although previous studies showed changes in beta band oscillations and burst characteristics of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD), how aperiodic activity in the STN is related to PD pathophysiology is unknown.

Objectives: The study aimed to characterize the long-term effects of STN-deep brain stimulation (DBS) and dopaminergic medications on aperiodic activities and beta bursts.

Modeling-informed Engineered Genetic Incompatibility strategies to overcome resistance in the invasive .

Engineered Genetic Incompatibility (EGI) is an engineered extreme underdominance genetic system wherein hybrid animals are not viable, functioning as a synthetic speciation event. There are several strategies in which EGI could be leveraged for genetic biocontrol of pest populations. We used an agent-based model of (Spotted Wing Drosophila) to determine how EGI would fare with high rates of endemic genetic resistance alleles.

Exclusion and Repulsion of (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Using Selected Coverings on High Tunnel Structures for Primocane Red Raspberry.

In temperate climates, there has been an increasing interest by fruit growers to implement the use of high tunnels, using a variety of coverings, to extend the season for fruit production. High tunnels also provide an opportunity to enhance insect pest management, via physical exclusion, and thus support reductions in insecticide use. Due to increasing pest pressure by the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, in Midwest U.

HUGE pipeline to measure temporal genetic variation in populations for genetic biocontrol applications.

Understanding the fine-scale genome sequence diversity that exists within natural populations is important for developing models of species migration, temporal stability, and range expansion. For invasive species, agricultural pests, and disease vectors, sequence diversity at specific loci in the genome can impact the efficacy of next-generation genetic biocontrol strategies. Here we describe a pipeline for haplotype-resolution genetic variant discovery and quantification from thousands of Spotted Wing Drosophila (, SWD) isolated at two field sites in the North-Central United States (Minnesota) across two seasons.

Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient.

Overwintering success is an important determinant of arthropod populations that must be considered as climate change continues to influence the spatiotemporal population dynamics of agricultural pests. Using a long-term monitoring database and biologically relevant overwintering zones, we modeled the annual and seasonal population dynamics of a common pest, (Boddie), based on three overwintering suitability zones throughout North America using four decades of soil temperatures: the southern range (able to persist through winter), transitional zone (uncertain overwintering survivorship), and northern limits (unable to survive winter). Our model indicates population dynamics are hierarchically structured with continental-level effects that are partitioned into three geographic zones.

Persistent synaptic inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus by high frequency stimulation.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) provides symptomatic relief in a growing number of neurological indications, but local synaptic dynamics in response to electrical stimulation that may relate to its mechanism of action have not been fully characterized.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to (1) study local synaptic dynamics during high frequency extracellular stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and (2) compare STN synaptic dynamics with those of the neighboring substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr).

Methods: Two microelectrodes were advanced into the STN and SNr of patients undergoing DBS surgery for Parkinson's disease (PD).