Cadmium bioavailability and bioaccessibility as determined by in vitro digestion, dialysis and intestinal epithelial monolayers, and compared to in vivo data.

The objective of the study was to compare in vivo estimates of Cd bioavailability in two diet materials (lettuce and durum wheat grain) with bioaccessibility estimates from three in vitro methods. For both dietary materials, the Cd was either incorporated during growth or applied topically as a soluble salt just prior to experimentation. Simulated gastric/intestinal digestion using a physiologically based extraction technique (PBET) solubilized less than 56% (lettuce) or 13% (grain) of the Cd that was either incorporated into the plant tissues during growth, or added to the plant tissues before experimentation, as Cd(NO3)2.

Comparison of intraosseous and intravenous infusion of technetium Tc 99m pertechnate in the distal portion of forelimbs in standing horses by use of scintigraphic imaging.

Objective: To describe and compare the distribution of technetium Tc 99m (99mTc) pertechnate following intraosseous or i.v. injection (with or without use of a tourniquet) in the distal portion of the forelimb in standing horses.

Effects of a muscarinic type-2 antagonist on cardiorespiratory function and intestinal transit in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory and intestinal effects of the muscarinic type-2 (M2) antagonist, methoctramine, in anesthetized horses.

Animals: 6 horses.

Procedure: Horses were allocated to 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design.

Effects of glycopyrrolate on cardiorespiratory function in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.

Objective: To evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of glycopyrrolate in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.

Animals: 6 horses.

Procedure: Horses were allocated to 2 treatment groups in a randomized complete block design.

Detecting Sulfamethazine Residues in Chicken Tissues Using the Delvotes SP System.

Sulfamethazine-spiked chicken liver and kidney were tested for residues using the Delvotest SP. The results were compared to a standard plate assay using Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. The Delvotest SP gave positive responses to all homogenized liver replicates spiked with sulfamethazine at or above 1.

A Dairy Farm Survey of Antibiotic Treatment Practices, Residue Control Methods and Associations With Inhibitors in Milk.

A mail survey was conducted of dairy producers who had received a positive bulk milk antibiotic residue test result in a two-year period (1987-88) of government monitoring (case farms) and farms that were negative for all tests conducted in the same period (control farms). Farmers were asked to complete questionnaires designed to determine dairy management practices, as well as, antibiotic handling and residue prevention methods. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, and adjusting for the size of the milking herd, the following factors were associated with increased risk of antibiotic residues in milk: the use of part-time assistance in milking, use of a milking parlor and increased estimated frequency of intramammary antibiotic treatments.