Publications by authors named "William Clark"

Forward propulsion depends on the forces generated by the triceps surae muscles and transmitted through the muscles' subtendons, which merge and twist to form the Achilles tendon (AT). As people age, the AT may undergo structural changes that could alter the subtendons' ability to transmit forces or function with some independence; prominent changes include increased tendon compliance and a proliferation of interfascicular adhesions compared to younger tendon. However, the effects of age-related changes on the subtendons are difficult to isolate in vivo.

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Cellular senescence is not only associated with ageing but also impacts physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development and wound healing. Factors secreted by senescent cells affect their microenvironment and can induce spreading of senescence locally. Acute severe liver disease is associated with hepatocyte senescence and frequently progresses to multi-organ failure.

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Article Synopsis
  • Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are being studied for their effectiveness in measuring movement in individuals with low back pain, compared to traditional optoelectronic motion capture systems.
  • The study involved 17 participants performing six movement assessments while wearing four IMUs and found good to excellent reliability in measuring primary plane movements, but lower reliability in other planes.
  • The data showed that IMUs generally align with optoelectronic systems for primary movements, but highlighted issues in non-primary movements, indicating a need for improved calibration and algorithms for broader use.
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Pancreatic cancer is characterized by the prevalence of oncogenic mutations in KRAS. Previous studies have reported that altered KRAS gene dosage drives progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. While the role of oncogenic KRAS mutations is well characterized, the relevance of the partnering wild-type KRAS allele in pancreatic cancer is less well understood and controversial.

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Demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disorders are a diverse group of conditions characterised by damage to the myelin sheath. These include not only primary autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), but secondary demyelinating conditions caused by infection and neoplasm, where immunosuppressive therapy may worsen the condition or delay definitive treatment. We describe a young man with an unusual presentation of CNS demyelinating disease associated with HIV infection and positive syphilis serology.

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Introduction: Pediatric behavioral and mental health (BMH) disorders are increasingly common, but most pediatricians feel inadequately trained to manage them. We implemented a case-based, longitudinal curriculum in BMH within a pediatric residency program to prepare trainees to diagnose and manage these conditions.

Methods: The pediatric residency program at Wright State University/Wright-Patterson Medical Center implemented a new BMH curriculum in 2020-2021.

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Adsorption-based extracorporeal therapies have been subject to technical developments and clinical application for close to five decades. More recently, new technological developments in membrane and sorbent manipulation have made it possible to deliver more biocompatible extracorporeal adsorption therapies to patients with a variety of conditions. There are several key rationales based on physicochemical principles and clinical considerations that justify the application and investigation of such therapies as evidenced by multiple ex vivo, experimental and clinical observations.

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Schelling's 1971 work on the dynamics of segregation showed that even a small degree of homophily, the desire to live among like neighbors, can lead to a starkly segregated population. One of the driving factors for this result is that the notion of homophily used is based on group identities that are exogenous and immutable. In contrast, we consider a homophily that arises from the desire to be with neighbors who are behaviorally similar, not necessarily those who have the same group identity.

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To understand the implications of migration for sustainable development requires a comprehensive consideration of a range of population movements and their feedback across space and time. This Perspective reviews emerging science at the interface of migration studies, demography, and sustainability, focusing on consequences of migration flows for nature-society interactions including on societal outcomes such as inequality; environmental causes and consequences of involuntary displacement; and processes of cultural convergence in sustainability practices in dynamic new populations. We advance a framework that demonstrates how migration outcomes result in identifiable consequences on resources, environmental burdens and well-being, and on innovation, adaptation, and challenges for sustainability governance.

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Oncogenic KRAS mutations are well-described functionally and are known to drive tumorigenesis. Recent reports describe a significant prevalence of KRAS allelic imbalances or gene dosage changes in human cancers, including loss of the wild-type allele in KRAS mutant cancers. However, the role of wild-type KRAS in tumorigenesis and therapeutic response remains elusive.

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Objectives: Non-compressible torso hemorrhage remains a high mortality injury, with difficulty mobilizing resources before exsanguination. Previous studies reported on a retrievable stent graft for damage control and morphometric algorithms for rapid placement, yet fluoroscopy is impractical for the austere environment. We hypothesized that magnetic sensors could be used to position stents relative to an external magnet placed on an anatomic landmark, whereas an electromagnet would allow self-calibration to account for environmental noise.

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The need for faster and deeper transitions toward more sustainable development pathways is now widely recognized. How to meet that need has been at the center of a growing body of academic research and real-world policy implementation. This paper presents our perspective on some of the most powerful insights that have emerged from this ongoing work.

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This paper examines the links between place attachment and older persons' preferences to age in place, and factors that disrupt these preferences. We use data from the 2001-2021 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and panel-data modelling to confirm strong associations between several place attachment dimensions and aging-in-place preferences. Strong ties to children, strong social capital, residence in social housing, homeownership status, housing wealth, and home and neighborhood satisfaction are all positively linked to a stronger preference to age in place.

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases with increased right ventricular (RV) afterload induce RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis in humans. Studies in dogs with pulmonary stenosis (PS) evaluating RV diastolic function and markers of myocardial fibrosis are lacking.

Hypothesis/objectives: Dogs with PS have echocardiographic evidence of RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction and increased serum concentrations of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a surrogate biomarker for myocardial fibrosis.

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Article Synopsis
  • The text discusses recent advancements in modeling nature-society systems to enhance sustainable development efforts, addressing past challenges in this area.
  • It outlines four critical stages of modeling practice—defining purpose, selecting components, analyzing interactions, and assessing interventions—highlighting successful dynamical modeling methods and their applications.
  • The authors emphasize that these methods not only improve understanding of specific sectors and locations but also contribute to developing theoretical frameworks and concepts in sustainability science, ultimately guiding future research.
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In order to develop a standardized nomenclature for the mechanisms and materials utilized during extracorporeal blood purification, a consensus expert conference was convened in November 2022. Standardized nomenclature serves as a common language for reporting research findings, new device development, and education. It is also critically important to support patient safety, allow comparisons between techniques, materials, and devices, and be essential for defining and naming innovative technologies and classifying devices for regulatory approval.

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The genomic landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) is shaped by inactivating mutations in tumour suppressors such as APC, and oncogenic mutations such as mutant KRAS. Here we used genetically engineered mouse models, and multimodal mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to study the impact of common genetic drivers of CRC on the metabolic landscape of the intestine. We show that untargeted metabolic profiling can be applied to stratify intestinal tissues according to underlying genetic alterations, and use mass spectrometry imaging to identify tumour, stromal and normal adjacent tissues.

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British crossbred steers (3,072; initial body weight [] = 358 ± 37 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of chromium propionate supplementation to yearling steers in a commercial feedyard on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and health. Steers were blocked by initial BW; pens were assigned randomly to one of two dietary treatments within block. Treatments, replicated in 15 pens per treatment with 75 to 135 heads per pen, included 1) control, 0 mg supplemental Cr/kg dietary dry matter () (); 2) 0.

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This paper will introduce a simple locating system to track a stent when it is deployed into a human artery. The stent is proposed to achieve hemostasis for bleeding soldiers on the battlefield, where common surgical imaging equipment such as fluoroscopy systems are not available. In the application of interest, the stent must be guided to the right location to avoid serious complications.

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Current treatments for deep tissue burns are limited, and most serve only to enhance hydration or prevent bacterial growth. This leaves burn healing dependent on slow natural processes to debride the wound and reestablish the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. Infections are well known to destabilize this process through a variety of mechanisms, most notably through increased inflammation and the resulting oxidative stress.

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Background: In patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), a calcineurin inhibitor plus methotrexate has been a standard prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A phase 2 study indicated the potential superiority of a post-transplantation regimen of cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil.

Methods: In a phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned adults with hematologic cancers in a 1:1 ratio to receive cyclophosphamide-tacrolimus-mycophenolate mofetil (experimental prophylaxis) or tacrolimus-methotrexate (standard prophylaxis).

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