Time Trends in Adolescent Diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder and Co-occurring Psychiatric Conditions in Electronic Health Records.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in youth and generally characterized by psychiatric comorbidities. Secular trends in co-occurring diagnoses remain unclear, especially in healthcare settings. Using large-scale electronic health records data from a major U.

Looking back, moving forward: An introduction to the special issue honoring the 100th anniversary of the global alliance for behavioral health and social justice.

Since its founding, American Orthopsychiatric Association (AOA) has been at the forefront of working at the intersection of mental health and social justice. In (Shore & Mannino, 1975), former organization president and journal editor Milton Shore and Fortune Mannino wrote that the association had consistently held a philosophy that included (a) a commitment to an interdisciplinary approach in the study of mental health problems and the development of mental health programs; (b) an emphasis on prevention as well as treatment; (c) the integration of the clinical and the social; (d) a major focus on the social scene and its interweaving with mental health problems in individuals within society; and (e) an avoidance of dilettantism, superficiality, and well-meaning generalizations through a commitment to high-quality research, thoughtful analysis of mental health issues, and high professional standards of practice in all areas of mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Cognitive behavioral program for the prevention of depression in at-risk adolescents: isolating the effects of dose.

The current study estimated effects of intervention dose (attendance) of a cognitive behavioral prevention (CBP) program on depression-free days (DFDs) in adolescent offspring of parents with a history of depression. As part of secondary analyses of a multisite randomized controlled trial, we analyzed the complete intention-to-treat sample of 316 at-risk adolescents ages 13 to 17 years. Youth were randomly assigned to the CBP program plus usual care (n = 159) or to usual care alone (n = 157).

Self-understanding, envisioning the future, and prevention: An appreciation and a reflection on the occasion of the 100th anniversary.

On the 100th birthday of the , it is appropriate to reflect on the evolution of thought on depression prevention research, as seen through a historical perspective, to note how the field has grown and how it can address the issues of today. This article is a personal reflection on one practitioner's evolution of thought on resilience and preventive intervention, starting with interviewing civil rights workers, to conceptualizing self-understanding as an essential component of resilience, to the development of a family-based preventive intervention for parental depression, which was disseminated, adapted, and incorporated into a growing body of prevention research. Consensus statements on mental health prevention from the National Academies are reviewed, and the importance of a social justice perspective is highlighted throughout.

Multiple Informant Cluster Analysis Findings: Which Military-Connected Preschool Aged Children Are Doing Well and Why?

Informed by models of resilience in military families, we explored factors theorized to be associated with social-emotional resilience and risk among young military-connected children. Our secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 199 military-connected families (n = 346 parents) with at least one preschool-age child in the home (n = 199) led to the empirical identification of two distinct clusters: families with children demonstrating healthy social-emotional functioning and those showing indicators of poor social-emotional functioning. We then identified factors associated with membership in each cluster to determine which deployment and parental wellbeing variables were salient for young child adjustment.

A study protocol for the randomized controlled trial SAFIR FAMILY TALK: a selective primary preventive intervention vs. service as usual for children of parents with mental illness.

Background: Children of parents with mental illness have an increased risk of developing mental illness themselves throughout their lifespan. This is due to genetic factors but also environmental disadvantages during childhood associated with parental mental illness. Selective primary preventive interventions for the children are recommended to mitigate risk factors and strengthen protective factors, but large-scale, longitudinal studies are needed.

The Transition to Adulthood in Children of Depressed Parents: Long-Term Follow-Up Data from the Family Talk Preventive Intervention Project.

Little is known about the effects of parental depression on offspring as they transition to adulthood-a challenging time developmentally, when late adolescents must separate from home, achieve intimate relationships, and develop a sense of identity. We present long-term quantitative and qualitative data from early adolescents with a depressed parent who were randomized to one of two family-based preventive interventions and followed over time, across the transition to young adulthood. Specifically, we present clinical measures of psychopathology and Likert-scale questionnaire data from young adults and their parents regarding the transition to adulthood and perceptions of the interventions.

Re-envisioning, Retooling, and Rebuilding Prevention Science Methods to Address Structural and Systemic Racism and Promote Health Equity.

The historic momentum from national conversations on the roots and current impacts of racism in the USA presents an incredible window of opportunity for prevention scientists to revisit how common theories, measurement tools, methodologies, and interventions can be radically re-envisioned, retooled, and rebuilt to dismantle racism and promote equitable health for minoritized communities. Recognizing this opportunity, the NIH-funded Prevention Science and Methodology Group (PSMG) launched a series of presentations focused on the role of Prevention Science to address racism and discrimination guided by a commitment to social justice and health equity. The current manuscript aims to advance the field of Prevention Science by summarizing key issues raised during the series' presentations and proposing concrete research priorities and steps that hold promise for promoting health equity by addressing systemic racism.

Understanding mechanisms of change in a family-based preventive mental health intervention for refugees by refugees in New England.

Transnational migration of refugees is associated with poor mental health, particularly among children. We conducted a pilot trial of the Family Strengthening Intervention for Refugees (FSI-R), using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to deliver a home-based intervention "for refugees by refugees" to improve family functioning and child mental health.  = 80 refugee families in the Greater Boston area participated in the study ( = 40 Somali Bantu families;  = 40 Bhutanese families) with  = 41 families randomized to care-as-usual.

Establishing a path to unity: Recommendations for the Biden/Harris administration.

The Biden/Harris Administration faces many challenges, from systems and policies that do not work for or benefit all Americans to stark social and political divisions. Multiple courses of action will be necessary, and there must be commitment and investment for the "long haul." When considering the nation's challenges, overarching themes emerge that must be addressed.

A Trauma-Informed, Family-Centered, Virtual Home Visiting Program for Young Children: One-Year Outcomes.

Military-connected families face many challenges associated with military life transitions, including deployment separations. We report on a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Families OverComing Under Stress-Early Childhood (FOCUS-EC) delivered through an in-home, virtual telehealth platform. FOCUS-EC is a trauma-informed, family-centered preventive intervention designed to promote family resilience and well-being.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Depression Treatment for Caregivers Investigated by the US Child Welfare System.

Objective: To determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in depression treatment for caregivers investigated by the US child welfare system.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being, a nationally representative sample of children and caregivers investigated by US child welfare agencies (February 2008-April 2009). We included permanent caregivers who met criteria for major depression and had available covariate data (n = 908).

Community-Level Prevention of Childhood Maltreatment: Next Steps in a World with COVID-19.

Maltreatment of children continues to be a major public health concern, with high social, economic and health burdens. Rates vary by a number of factors that can be categorized into different levels of the social ecology. Research and theory in this field point to the importance of community-level factors that can contribute to either risk or prevention of child maltreatment.

24-Month Outcomes of Primary Care Web-Based Depression Prevention Intervention in Adolescents: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Adolescent depression carries a high burden of disease worldwide, but access to care for this population is limited. Prevention is one solution to curtail the negative consequences of adolescent depression. Internet interventions to prevent adolescent depression can overcome barriers to access, but few studies examine long-term outcomes.

Effects of an adolescent depression prevention program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks.

This study examined effects of an adolescent depression prevention program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks, whether the extent of adolescents' depression accounted for effects, and whether effects of the program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks differed by adolescents' gender. Participants were 298 adolescent ( = 14.79, = 1.

Risk and protective factors for use among adolescents in South Africa.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is publicly available in South Africa in response to the urgent need to address HIV and AIDS. Off-label use of ARV medication alone or in combination with other substances is known as "" and "" in South Africa. Diversion of ARVs for whoonga use is not well understood, especially among adolescents.

Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Resilience-Oriented Family Intervention to Prevent Adolescent HIV and Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

We tested the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of Our Family Our Future, a resilience-oriented intervention engaging families in prevention of adolescent HIV and depression. South African adolescents, 13-15 years of age, with mild depressive symptoms, were randomized to intervention or wait-list using parallel assignment in a single-blind trial. HIV risk behavior and depression were evaluated at baseline, 1, and 3 months.

Family-Based Mental Health Promotion for Somali Bantu and Bhutanese Refugees: Feasibility and Acceptability Trial.

Purpose: There are disparities in mental health of refugee youth compared with the general U.S.

Population: We conducted a pilot feasibility and acceptability trial of the home-visiting Family Strengthening Intervention for refugees (FSI-R) using a community-based participatory research approach.

Resilience and psychosocial outcomes among South African adolescents affected by HIV.

Objective: In South Africa, adolescents account for the largest share of new HIV infections. Given the scale of the epidemic, millions of adolescents cope with familial HIV illness and AIDS orphanhood. Developing an understanding of adolescent resilience is vital for informing HIV and mental health prevention efforts.

Evaluating construct equivalence of youth depression measures across multiple measures and multiple studies.

Construct equivalence of measures across studies is necessary for synthesizing results when combining data in meta-analysis or integrative data analysis. We discuss several assumptions required for construct equivalence, and review methods using individual-level data and item response theory (IRT) analysis for detecting or adjusting for violations of these assumptions. We apply IRT to data from 7 measures of depressive symptoms for 4,283 youth from 16 randomized prevention trials.

The Association Between Parental Depression and Child Psychosocial Intervention Outcomes: Directions for Future Research.

Recent studies suggest that parental depressive symptoms may affect a child's ability to benefit from interventions for anxiety and depression. This article reviews the current literature, suggesting that, when parents experience current depressive symptoms, children are less likely to benefit from psychosocial interventions for anxiety and depression. Opportunities for future research are discussed, including moderators and mechanisms of the association between parental depressive symptoms and child intervention outcomes.

Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing Depression Among At-Risk Youths: Postintervention and 2-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: Youth depression can be prevented, yet few programs are offered. Decision makers lack cost information. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral prevention program (CBP) versus usual care.