The impact of voluntariness of apologies on victims' responses in restorative justice: findings of a quantitative study.

Apologies are ordered in law without certainty about whether or not recipients perceive ordered and voluntary apologies differently. This exploratory study investigates whether or not the voluntariness of apologies influences recipients' perceptions of their sincerity, acceptance of apologies, willingness to forgive and intended retributive behaviour. We manipulated the voluntariness of apologies whilst considering offender (age, gender, ethnicity and prior wrongful behaviour) and offence (seriousness) characteristics in 3 studies (s = 164, 121, 236).

Internal Medicine Residency Program Director Support and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a National Survey.

Background: Burnout is common among physicians and physician leaders, including residency program directors (PDs). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other stressors in 2020 on PDs is unknown.

Objective: To measure the prevalence of burnout among internal medicine (IM) residency PDs 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supporting Physician Pregnancy: What Is Taking So Long?

Challenges persist for female physicians and physicians in training who desire to have children. A scoping review in this issue of Academic Medicine identifies 4 major themes that have evolved over time and have surged in numbers as more women have entered the medical profession and as the sociopolitical environment has progressed: the impact of pregnancy on the physician and her colleagues, pregnant physician work productivity, physician maternity leave policies, and physician maternal-fetal health outcomes. The persistence of themes over time should compel the medical profession and society to address the challenges that face female physicians and physicians in training who desire to have children and to find solutions for them.

In paroxysmal AF, first-line catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs reduces atrial arrhythmia recurrence.

Imberti JF, Ding WY, Kotalczyk A, et al. Heart. 2021;107:1630-6.

Creating Clinician Educators: Evaluation of a One-Month Medical Education Curriculum for Senior Residents.

Background: Clinician-educator tracks improve teaching behaviors in trainees. However, detailed curriculum descriptions to fully understand, compare, and reproduce them are often lacking. We aimed to describe and evaluate a medical education curriculum for senior residents.

Where Do International Medical Graduates Matriculate for Internal Medicine Training? A National Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: In 2020, roughly 25% of applicants who matched into internal medicine (IM) residencies were international medical graduates (IMGs). We examine 12-year trends in distribution of IMGs among IM training programs and explore differences in program perceptions towards IMG recruitment.

Methods: Since 2007, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine Annual Surveys have collected data about trainees by medical school graduate type.

Supporting Trainees by Addressing Inappropriate Behaviors by Patients.

Objectives: Physicians in training may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of discrimination and inappropriate behaviors by patients. We sought to determine the frequency of inappropriate behaviors by patients toward Internal Medicine (IM) residents, residents' confidence to manage the behaviors, and differences among demographic characteristics, including race, sex, and level of clinical experience.

Methods: We developed a curricular session to equip IM residents and faculty to respond to discrimination or inappropriate behaviors by patients.

Does Increased Schedule Flexibility Lead to Change? A National Survey of Program Directors on 2017 Work Hours Requirements.

Background: The learning and working environment for resident physicians shifted dramatically over the past two decades, with increased focus on work hours, resident wellness, and patient safety. Following two multi-center randomized trials comparing 16-h work limits for PGY-1 trainees to more flexible rules, the ACGME implemented new flexible work hours standards in 2017.

Objective: We sought to determine program directors' (PDs) support for the work hour changes and programmatic response.

Assessment of Training in Health Disparities in US Internal Medicine Residency Programs.

Importance: Health disparities continue to exist despite the call to increase education of health care practitioners. An assessment of health disparities education has not been previously studied in a national cohort.

Objective: To describe and compare the curriculum on health disparities from the perspective of program directors and perceptions of training among internal medicine residents.

AAIM Recommendations for the 2020-2021 Internal Medicine Residency Application Cycle in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This statement was released in June 2020 by the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine to provide guidance for the 2020-2021 residency application cycle in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. While many of the recommendations are specific to this cycle, others, such as the Department Summary Letter of Evaluation, are meant to be an enduring change to the internal medicine residency application process. AAIM realizes that some schools may not yet have the tools or resources to implement the template fully this cycle and look toward collaboration within the internal medicine education community to facilitate adoption in the cycles to come.

Internal Medicine Residency Program Responses to the Increase of Residency Applications: Differences by Program Type and Characteristics.

Background: Over the past decade, the number of residency applications has increased substantially, causing many residency programs to change their recruitment practices.

Objective: We determined how internal medicine (IM) residency programs have responded to increased applications by program type (community-based, community-based/university-affiliated, and university-based) and characteristics (percentage of international medical graduates, program size, and program director [PD] tenure).

Methods: The Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine conducted a national survey of 363 IM PDs in 2017.

Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors' Screening Practices and Perceptions About Recruitment Challenges.

Purpose: To examine internal medicine residency program directors' (PDs') screening practices and perceptions about current recruitment challenges.

Method: In March-May 2017, the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine Survey Committee sent a survey to 373 Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine member residency programs. PDs rated the importance of 23 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria for interview invitation decision making, provided United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) cutoff scores for U.

Is It Safe to Ask the Questions That Matter Most to Me? Observations From a Female Residency Applicant.

Tens of thousands of senior medical students interview for medical residency positions each year. As the applicant pool shifts to include more women, married individuals, and young parents, the criteria by which interviewees evaluate programs are also changing. Concerns including parental leave policies, lactation facilities, access to childcare, partner recruitment resources, and inclusivity in the work environment are important in selecting an ideal program.

Postinterview Communications: Two Surveys of Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors Before and After Guideline Implementation.

Purpose: Guidelines surrounding postinterview communication (PIC) after residency interviews were issued by the National Resident Matching Program and Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine. How they have influenced PIC and program directors' (PDs') reasons for PIC is unknown.

Method: Annual surveys of 365 U.