Individual differences in adolescent self-control: The role of gene-environment interplay.

Self-control - the ability to alter unwanted impulses and behavior to bring them into agreement with goal-driven responses - is key during adolescence. It helps young people navigate through the myriad challenges they encounter while transitioning into adulthood. We review empirical milestones in our understanding of how individual differences in adolescent self-control exist and develop.

No gene by stressful life events interaction on individual differences in adults' self-control.

Background: Difficulty with self-control, or the ability to alter impulses and behavior in a goal-directed way, predicts interpersonal conflict, lower socioeconomic attainments, and more adverse health outcomes. Etiological understanding, and intervention for low self-control is, therefore, a public health goal. A prominent developmental theory proposes that individuals with high genetic propensity for low self-control that are also exposed to stressful environments may be most at-risk of low levels of self-control.

The existence of cranial bone flap displacement during brain radiotherapy.

This retrospective study examined bone flap displacement during radiotherapy in 25 post-operative brain tumour patients. Though never exceeding 2.5 mm, the sheer frequency of displacement highlights the need for future research on larger populations to validate its presence and assess the potential clinical impact on planning tumour volume margins.

Linked emergence of racial disparities in mental health and epigenetic biological aging across childhood and adolescence.

Marginalization due to structural racism may confer an increased risk for aging-related diseases - in part - via effects on people's mental health. Here we leverage a prospective birth cohort study to examine whether the emergence of racial disparities in mental health and DNA-methylation measures of biological aging ( DunedinPACE, GrimAge Acceleration, PhenoAge Acceleration) are linked across childhood and adolescence. We further consider to what extent racial disparities are statistically accounted for by perinatal and postnatal factors in preregistered analyses of N=4,898 participants from the Future of Families & Child Wellbeing Study, of which N=2,039 had repeated saliva DNA methylation at ages 9 and 15 years.

Differences in polygenic associations with educational attainment between West and East Germany before and after reunification.

Here we examine geographical and historical differences in polygenic associations with educational attainment in East and West Germany around reunification. We test this in n = 1902 25-85-year-olds from the German SOEP-G[ene] cohort. We leverage a DNA-based measure of genetic influence, a polygenic index calculated based on a previous genome-wide association study of educational attainment in individuals living in democratic countries.

Self-control is associated with health-relevant disparities in buccal DNA-methylation measures of biological aging in older adults.

Self-control is a personality dimension that is associated with better physical health and a longer lifespan. Here, we examined (1) whether self-control is associated with buccal and saliva DNA-methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging quantified in children, adolescents, and adults, and (2) whether biological aging measured in buccal DNAm is associated with self-reported health. Following preregistered analyses, we computed two DNAm measures of advanced biological age (principal-component PhenoAge and GrimAge Acceleration) and a DNAm measure of pace of aging (DunedinPACE) in buccal samples from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (SOEP-G[ene], n = 1058, age range 0-72, M = 42.

Anatomical changes in resection cavity during brain radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Brain tumors are in general treated with a maximal safe resection followed by radiotherapy of remaining tumor including the resection cavity (RC) and chemotherapy. Anatomical changes of the RC during radiotherapy can have impact on the coverage of the target volume. The aim of the current study was to quantify the potential changes of the RC and to identify risk factors for RC changes.

Self-control is associated with health-relevant disparities in buccal DNA-methylation measures of biological aging in older adults.

Self-control is a personality dimension that is associated with better physical health and a longer lifespan. Here we examined (1) whether self-control is associated with buccal and saliva DNA-methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging quantified in children, adolescents, and adults, and (2) whether biological aging measured in buccal DNAm is associated with self-reported health. Following preregistered analyses, we computed two DNAm measures of advanced biological age (PhenoAge and GrimAge Acceleration) and a DNAm measure of pace of aging (DunedinPACE) in buccal samples from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (SOEP-G[ene], = 1058, age range 0-72, = 42.

The Association of Gross Tumor Volume and Its Radiomics Features with Brain Metastases Development in Patients with Radically Treated Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To identify clinical risk factors, including gross tumor volume (GTV) and radiomics features, for developing brain metastases (BM) in patients with radically treated stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Clinical data and planning CT scans for thoracic radiotherapy were retrieved from patients with radically treated stage III NSCLC. Radiomics features were extracted from the GTV, primary lung tumor (GTVp), and involved lymph nodes (GTVn), separately.

Choice of Implantable Pulse Generators for Deep Brain Stimulation: An Overview of Clinical Practice.

Introduction: The success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment depends on several factors, including proper patient selection, accurate electrode placement, and adequate stimulation settings. Another factor that may impact long-term satisfaction and therapy outcomes is the type of implantable pulse generator (IPG) used: rechargeable or non-rechargeable. However, there are currently no guidelines on the choice of IPG type.

BioXmark® liquid fiducials to enable radiotherapy tumor boosting in rectal cancer, a feasibility trial.

Background And Purpose: Dose-escalation in rectal cancer (RCa) may result in an increased complete response rate and thereby enable omission of surgery and organ preservation. In order to implement dose-escalation, it is crucial to develop a technique that allows for accurate image-guided radiotherapy. The aim of the current study was to determine the performance of a novel liquid fiducial marker (BioXmark®) in RCa patients during the radiotherapy course by assessing its positional stability on daily cone-beam CT (CBCT), technical feasibility, visibility on different imaging modalities and safety.

Prediction models for brachytherapy-induced rectal toxicity in patients with locally advanced pelvic cancers: a systematic review.

Purpose: Rectal toxicity remains a major threat to quality of life of patients, who receive brachytherapy to the abdominal pelvic area. Estimating the risk of toxicity development is essential to maximize therapeutic benefit without impairing rectal function. This study aimed to abstract and evaluate studies, which have developed prediction models for rectal toxicity after brachytherapy (BT) in patients with pelvic cancers.

Endorectal contact radiation boosting: Making the case for dose AND volume reporting.

Introduction: The various rectal endoluminal radiation techniques all have steep, but different, dose gradients. In rectal contact brachytherapy (CXB) doses are typically prescribed and reported to the applicator surface and not to the gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV) or organs at risk (OAR), which is crucial to understand tumor response and toxicity rates. To quantify the above-described problem, we performed a dose modeling study using a fixed prescription dose at the surface of the applicator and varied tumor response scenarios.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current knowledge, future perspectives and its importance in radiation oncology.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fibrotic lung disease with an unknown cause. Uncertainties still remain regarding the pathogenesis of IPF, and the prognosis of this disease is poor despite some recent improvements in treatment. Radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication and a dose-limiting toxicity of thoracic radiotherapy.

Investigating the association between family connectedness and self-control in adolescence in a genetically sensitive design.

Family connectedness is key for the development of self-control in early and middle childhood. But is family connectedness still important during the transitional phase of adolescence, when adolescents demand more independence from their parents and rely more on their peers? The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between family connectedness and self-control, and whether it still holds in adolescence using a genetically sensitive design. Data were used from a large sample of twins aged 14 (N = 11,260) and aged 16 (N = 8175), all enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register.

Parenting and Self-Control Across Early to Late Adolescence: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.

Self-control plays a significant role in positive youth development. Although numerous self-control challenges occur during adolescence, some adolescents control themselves better than others. Parenting is considered a critical factor that distinguishes adolescents with good self-control from those with poor self-control, but existing findings are inconsistent.

The role of disclosure in relationships.

Self-disclosure happens between people and lies at the heart of almost all relationships. It elicits a dynamic process that shapes and is shaped by, relationships. We review theoretical and empirical milestones in our understanding of how and why disclosure develops, is maintained, and unravels in relationships.

Out of Control: Examining the Association Between Family Conflict and Self-Control in Adolescence in a Genetically Sensitive Design.

Objective: Family conflict is associated with low self-control in adolescence. Thus far research about the direction of this association is inconclusive. In this study, we sort out whether this association reflects a causal effect or whether it is explained by a common underlying cause, including genetic factors.

The heritability of self-control: A meta-analysis.

Self-control is the ability to control one's impulses when faced with challenges or temptations, and is robustly associated with physiological and psychological well-being. Twin studies show that self-control is heritable, but estimates range between 0% and 90%, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative overview of the heritability of self-control.

The Relationship between Family Violence and Self-Control in Adolescence: A Multi-Level Meta-Analysis.

Theoretical studies propose an association between family violence and low self-control in adolescence; however, empirical findings of this association are inconclusive. The aim of the present research was to systematically summarize available findings on the relation between family violence and self-control across adolescence. We included 28 studies with 143 effect sizes, representing more than 25,000 participants of eight countries from early to late adolescence.

Unraveling the Genetic and Environmental Relationship Between Well-Being and Depressive Symptoms Throughout the Lifespan.

Whether well-being and depressive symptoms can be considered as two sides of the same coin is widely debated. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the etiology of the association between well-being and depressive symptoms across the lifespan. In a large twin-design, including data from 43,427 twins between age 7 and 99, we estimated the association between well-being and depressive symptoms throughout the lifespan and assessed genetic and environmental contributions to the observed overlap.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Self-Control: Assessing Self-Control with the ASEBA Self-Control Scale.

This study used a theoretically-derived set of items of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment to develop the Achenbach Self-Control Scale (ASCS) for 7-16 year olds. Using a large dataset of over 20,000 children, who are enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register, we demonstrated the psychometric properties of the ASCS for parent-, self- and teacher-report by examining internal and criterion validity, and inter-rater and test-retest reliability. We found associations between the ASCS and measures of well-being, educational achievement, and substance use.