Results of surgical correction of upper eyelid retraction in Graves' Orbitopathy.

Introduction: Anterior levator disinsertion/reinsertion and Müllerectomy (ALDM) is generally performed to correct upper eyelid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). We studied the outcome of this procedure and its correlation with clinical parameters.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of results of ALDM in 305 consecutive euthyroid patients with burnt-out GO treated in our hospital between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2016.

Retrospective study in 608 cases on the rate of surgical site infections after orbital surgery without prophylactic systemic antibiotics.

Objective: To determine postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) rates in three separate patient groups who underwent orbital surgery without prophylactic systemic antibiotics.

Study Design: Single-centre retrospective descriptive case series.

Study Population: We studied the notes of 639 consecutive patients who had undergone orbital surgery in our hospital from 2009 through 2013.

Surgical correction of involutional lower lid entropion with lateral canthal eyelid block excision and imbrication of the capsulopalpebral ligament using non-buried non-resorbable imbricating sutures versus buried resorbable imbricating sutures.

Purpose: To compare the results of surgical correction of involutional lower eyelid entropion using either buried resorbable imbricating sutures or non-buried non-resorbable sutures that were removed after five to seven days.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a two-surgeon series. Analysis of the charts of patients surgically treated for involutional lower eyelid entropion between January 2011 and December 2014 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months.

Basic FGF and PDGF-BB synergistically stimulate hyaluronan and IL-6 production by orbital fibroblasts.

Orbital fibroblast activation is a central pathologic feature of Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been proposed to contribute to GO, but their effects on orbital fibroblasts are largely unknown. We found that bFGF stimulated proliferation and hyaluronan production, but not IL-6 production by orbital fibroblasts, while VEGF hardly affected orbital fibroblast activity.

Histamine induces NF-κB controlled cytokine secretion by orbital fibroblasts via histamine receptor type-1.

Mast cells and their products are likely to be involved in regulating orbital fibroblast activity in Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). Histamine is abundantly present in granules of mast cells and is released upon mast cell activation. However, the effect of histamine on orbital fibroblasts has not been examined so far.

A single- versus double-layered closure technique for full-thickness lower eyelid defects: a comparative study.

Purpose: To compare a simplified, single-layered closure technique with a double-layered closure technique in lower eyelid reconstruction following full-thickness pentagonal block excision.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, interventional case-control study. Clinical data of consecutive patients treated with primary closure of a full-thickness lower eyelid defect between 2011 and 2014 were analysed.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Enhances Adipogenesis in Orbital Fibroblasts.

Purpose: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB has been identified as important factor in pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). It stimulates proliferation, cytokine, and hyaluronan production, and thyrotropin receptor expression by orbital fibroblasts. Therefore, the PDGF-pathway has been proposed as a target for pharmacological intervention in GO.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib effectively blocks PDGF-induced orbital fibroblast activation.

Background: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) remains hard to treat. Excessive orbital fibroblast activation by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB contributes to GO. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib mesylate and dasatinib both target PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activity, albeit with a different potency.

Not only hard contact lens wear but also soft contact lens wear may be associated with blepharoptosis.

Objective: The authors attempt to establish an association between prolonged hard and soft contact lens wear and ptosis.

Design: Single-center retrospective consecutive series.

Participants: All patients between 18 and 50 years of age who were diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral ptosis between January 2002 and December 2005 (35 patients).

Whole orbital tissue culture identifies imatinib mesylate and adalimumab as potential therapeutics for Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Background And Aims: Biologicals and small inhibitory molecules are used to treat inflammatory diseases, but their efficacy varies upon clinical application. Using a whole orbital tissue culture system, we tested the potential efficacy of imatinib mesylate (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-receptor, c-Abl and c-Kit activity) and adalimumab (an anti-TNF-α antibody) for the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods: Orbital fat tissue from GO patients (n=10) was cultured with or without imatinib mesylate or adalimumab.

Azathioprine and prednisone combination treatment for adult periocular and orbital xanthogranulomatous disease.

Purpose: To report the authors' experience with azathioprine and prednisone combination for adult periocular and orbital xanthogranulomatous disease.

Methods: We identified 13 adults with histology-proven periocular or orbital xanthogranuloma in two tertiary referral orbital centres from 1984 to 2008. Patient records were reviewed and data collected on orbital localization, immune dysfunction, applied treatment and outcome.

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB: a stimulus for cytokine production by orbital fibroblasts in Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells into the orbit, a process in which cytokines play a central role. Orbital fibroblasts are potent producers of cytokines on different stimuli. Recently, the authors showed increased expression of the PDGF-B chain in GO orbital tissue.

Imatinib mesylate and AMN107 inhibit PDGF-signaling in orbital fibroblasts: a potential treatment for Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: Excessive orbital fibroblast proliferation and hyaluronan production are characteristic of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and are driven by local mediators. Imatinib mesylate and AMN107 are tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in lungs and skin. This study was conducted to determine whether imatinib mesylate and AMN107 inhibit orbital fibroblast proliferation and hyaluronan production induced by PDGF-BB and TGF-beta(1) and whether expression of the genes PDGF-B and TGF-B(1) (growth factors suggested to play a role in GO) are increased in GO orbital tissues.

Reconstruction following subtotal full-thickness upper eyelid resection with preservation of the lid margin.

Purpose: To describe a modification of a technique for upper eyelid reconstruction previously described by Patrinely et al.

Methods: Radical excision of a large adenoid cystic carcinoma of the upper eyelid resulted in a subtotal full-thickness eyelid defect with preservation of 2 mm of eyelid margin. Reconstruction was performed with a free transconjunctival graft of maximum size from the contralateral upper eyelid, an overlying bipedicled skin-orbicularis oculi muscle flap and a free skin graft.

Silicone intubation with or without balloon dacryocystoplasty in acquired partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: To examine if the addition of (antegrade) balloon dacryocystoplasty to bicanalicular silicone intubation affects the success rate in adults with incomplete nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction.

Design: Prospective, randomized trial.

Methods: Seventy eyes of 70 patients with incomplete NLD obstruction and severe epiphora (Munk score grade 3 or 4) were treated randomly with dacryocystoplasty (Lacricath) and silicone intubation (Ritleng; n = 35, group 1; mean age, 54.

Orbicularis muscle advancement flap combined with free posterior and anterior lamellar grafts: a 1-stage sandwich technique for eyelid reconstruction.

Purpose: To report on a new 1-stage technique for eyelid reconstruction.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Participants: Thirteen patients with shallow full-thickness lower eyelid defects (n = 12) or a full-thickness upper eyelid defect (n = 1) after tumor excision.

Blepharoptosis and upper eyelid swelling due to lipogranulomatous inflammation caused by silicone oil.

Purpose: Report of two patients who presented with unilateral upper eyelid swelling and ptosis 1 and 8 years, respectively, after vitreoretinal surgery with intraocular silicone oil.

Design: Report of two cases.

Methods: In the first case, the oil was still present in the eye.