Corrigendum to "Antihypertensive medication classes and risk of incident dementia in primary care patients: a longitudinal cohort study in the Netherlands" [The Lancet Regional Health-Europe, Volume 42, July 2024, 100927].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.

Adverse Lipid Profiles Are Associated with Lower Dementia Risk in Older People.

Objective: Midlife dyslipidemia is associated with higher risk of dementia in late-life dementia, but the impact of late-life dyslipidemia on dementia risk is uncertain. This may be due to the large heterogeneity in cholesterol measures and study designs employed. We used detailed data from a large prospective cohort of older persons to comprehensively assess the relation between a broad range of cholesterol measures and incident dementia, addressing potential biases, confounders, and modifiers.

Antihypertensive medication classes and risk of incident dementia in primary care patients: a longitudinal cohort study in the Netherlands.

Background: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for dementia affecting over 70% of individuals older than 60. Lowering dementia risk through preferential treatment with antihypertensive medication (AHM) classes that are otherwise equivalent in indication could offer a cost-effective, safe, and accessible approach to reducing dementia incidence globally. Certain AHM-classes have been associated with lower dementia risk, potentially attributable to angiotensin-II-receptor (Ang-II) stimulating properties.

The Association of Ancillary Diagnostic Tests With Outcome in Dementia.

Objectives: Dementia is a clinical diagnosis without curative treatment. It is uncertain whether ancillary testing is beneficial for patients. This study investigates the association between use of diagnostic tests and time to poor outcome and health care costs.

Prevention of dementia using mobile phone applications (PRODEMOS): a multinational, randomised, controlled effectiveness-implementation trial.

Background: The expected increase of dementia prevalence in the coming decades will mainly be in low-income and middle-income countries and in people with low socioeconomic status in high-income countries. This study aims to reduce dementia risk factors in underserved populations at high-risk using a coach-supported mobile health (mHealth) intervention.

Methods: This open-label, blinded endpoint, hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigated whether a coach-supported mHealth intervention can reduce dementia risk in people aged 55-75 years of low socioeconomic status in the UK or from the general population in China with at least two dementia risk factors.

The Delphi Delirium Management Algorithms. A practical tool for clinicians, the result of a modified Delphi expert consensus approach.

Delirium is common in hospitalised patients, and there is currently no specific treatment. Identifying and treating underlying somatic causes of delirium is the first priority once delirium is diagnosed. Several international guidelines provide clinicians with an evidence-based approach to screening, diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.

Year-by-Year Blood Pressure Variability From Midlife to Death and Lifetime Dementia Risk.

Importance: High visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) in late life may reflect increased dementia risk better than mean systolic blood pressure (SBP). Evidence from midlife to late life could be crucial to understanding this association.

Objective: To determine whether visit-to-visit BPV at different ages was differentially associated with lifetime incident dementia risk in community-dwelling individuals.

The challenge of dementia prevention trials and the role of quasi-experimental studies.

Observational studies have shown consistently that modifiable risk factors during life are associated with increased dementia risk in old age but randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on dementia prevention evaluating the treatment of these risk factors did not find consistent effects on cognitive outcomes. The discrepancy in findings is potentially attributable to inherent differences between the two study designs. Although RCTs are the gold standard for establishing causality, designing and conducting an RCT for dementia prevention is complex.

Microglial response in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) knock-out mice after systemic stimulation with Escherichia coli.

Background: Systemic infection is an important risk factor for delirium, associated with neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive impairment in older people. Microglial cell response is a known key player in this process and we hypothesize that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays an important role in the regulation of this response.

Methods: 8- to 10-week old male wild-type (WT) and TREM2 knock-out (Trem2) mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with live Escherichia coli (E.

Feasibility and potential of a bedside mini-EEG for diagnosing delirium superimposed on dementia.

Objective: Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is difficult to diagnose because symptoms of delirium might be interpreted as symptoms of dementia. To improve diagnostic accuracy, we investigated the potential of a brief point-of-care EEG measurement.

Methods: Thirty older patients were included, all with Major Neurocognitive Disorder (i.

Low Values for Blood Pressure, BMI, and Non-HDL Cholesterol and the Risk of Late-Life Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Low values of blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have all been associated with increased dementia risk in late life, but whether these risk factors have an additive effect is unknown. This study assessed whether a combination of late-life low values for systolic blood pressure (SBP), BMI, and non-HDL cholesterol is associated with a higher dementia risk than individual low values of these risk factors.

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis based on an observational extended follow-up of the Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care (preDIVA) trial, including community-dwelling individuals, aged 70-78 years and free from dementia at baseline.

Microglial cell response in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice after systemic infection with Escherichia coli.

Background: Development of neurodegeneration in older people has been associated with microglial cell activation triggered by systemic infection. We hypothesize that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays an important role in regulation of this process.

Methods: 8- to 10-week-old male wild-type (WT) and α7nAChR knock-out (α7nAChR) mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with live Escherichia (E.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status for the Detection of Dementia in Primary Care.

Purpose: Cognitive diagnostic work-up in primary care is not always physically feasible, owing to chronic disabilities and/or travel restrictions. The identification of dementia might be facilitated with diagnostic instruments that are time efficient and easy to perform, as well as useful in the remote setting. We assessed whether the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) might be a simple and accurate alternative for remote diagnostic cognitive screening in primary care.

Association of Systolic Blood Pressure With Dementia Risk and the Role of Age, U-Shaped Associations, and Mortality.

Importance: The optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) to minimize the risk of dementia in older age is unknown.

Objective: To investigate whether the association between SBP and dementia risk is U-shaped and whether age and comorbidity play a role in this association.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used an individual participant data approach to analyze 7 prospective, observational, population-based cohort studies that were designed to evaluate incident dementia in older adults.

Sex Differences in the Relation Between Subjective Memory Complaints, Impairments in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and Risk of Dementia.

Background: Older people with subjective memory complaints (SMC) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living impairments (IADL-I) have an increased risk of developing dementia. Previous reports suggest that the predictive value of SMC and IADL-I may differ between sexes, leaving possible consequences for personalized risk prediction and prognosis. However, none of these studies addressed the competing risk of death, which may substantially differ between sexes.

Consistent patterns in the inconsistent associations of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with delirium in surgical populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Biomarkers for delirium could increase diagnostic accuracy and may help to identify pathological pathways. Until now study findings concerning cytokine levels have been inconsistent.

Aims: Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between peripheral levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and delirium in surgical patients, and to explore if there are distinct/specific patterns that may potentially explain inconsistent results.

The Association of Anticholinergic Drugs and Delirium in Nursing Home Patients With Dementia: Results From the SHELTER Study.

Objectives: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are associated with an increased prevalence of delirium, especially in older persons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of this class of drugs in nursing home (NH) patients and prevalence of delirium, particularly in people with dementia.

Design: Cross-sectional multicenter study.

Prevention of dementia using mobile phone applications (PRODEMOS): protocol for an international randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Profiles of high risk for future dementia are well understood and are likely to concern mostly those in low-income and middle-income countries and people at greater disadvantage in high-income countries. Approximately 30%-40% of dementia cases have been estimated to be attributed to modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, smoking and sedentary lifestyle. Tailored interventions targeting these risk factors can potentially prevent or delay the onset of dementia.

[Care for delirium superimposed on dementia at an early stage].

Delirium is a common serious complication in dementia that is associated with poor prognosis and a high burden on caregivers and healthcare professionals. Appropriate care is therefore important at an early stage for patients with delirium superimposed on dementiaTo gain insight into the care of six patients with delirium superimposed on dementia, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted focused on the experiences of caregivers and professionals. The interviews revealed four themes that appeared to play a role: 1.

Bayes analysis supports null hypothesis of anti-amyloid beta therapy in Alzheimer's disease.

Numerous clinical trials of anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease have been performed. None of these have provided convincing evidence for beneficial effects. Using traditional frequentist meta-analysis, the conclusion is that there is absence of evidence for a therapeutic effect, with a point estimate effect size of 0.

Preoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Cortisol and the Risk of Postoperative Delirium: A Prospective Study of Older Hip Fracture Patients.

Background: Ageing, depression, and neurodegenerative disease are common risk factors for delirium in the elderly. These risk factors are associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in higher levels of cortisol under normal and stressed conditions and a slower return to baseline.

Objectives: We investigated whether elevated preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol levels are associated with the onset of postoperative delirium.

Aging and Microglial Response following Systemic Stimulation with in Mice.

Systemic infection is an important risk factor for the development cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in older people. Animal experiments show that systemic challenges with live bacteria cause a neuro-inflammatory response, but the effect of age on this response in these models is unknown. Young (2 months) and middle-aged mice (13-14 months) were intraperitoneally challenged with live () or saline.

Antihypertensive Medication Classes and the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To systematically review and synthesize the evidence on differential associations between antihypertensive medication (AHM) classes and the risk of incident dementia.

Design: Systematic review and random effects frequentist network meta-analysis. Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library were searched from origin to December 2019.