OME-NGFF: a next-generation file format for expanding bioimaging data-access strategies.

The rapid pace of innovation in biological imaging and the diversity of its applications have prevented the establishment of a community-agreed standardized data format. We propose that complementing established open formats such as OME-TIFF and HDF5 with a next-generation file format such as Zarr will satisfy the majority of use cases in bioimaging. Critically, a common metadata format used in all these vessels can deliver truly findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable bioimaging data.

Misaligned foveal morphology and sector retinal dysfunction in AKT1-mosaic Proteus syndrome.

Purpose: Proteus syndrome arises as a result of a post-zygotic mosaic activating mutation in the AKT1 oncogene, causing a disproportionate overgrowth of affected tissues. A small number of ocular complications have been reported. We present the unique findings in a patient who had molecular confirmation of AKT1 mosaicism alongside fulfilling the clinical criteria for Proteus syndrome.

Senescent human melanocytes drive skin ageing via paracrine telomere dysfunction.

Cellular senescence has been shown to contribute to skin ageing. However, the role of melanocytes in the process is understudied. Our data show that melanocytes are the only epidermal cell type to express the senescence marker p16 during human skin ageing.

Bringing Open Data to Whole Slide Imaging.

Faced with the need to support a growing number of whole slide imaging (WSI) file formats, our team has extended a long-standing community file format (OME-TIFF) for use in digital pathology. The format makes use of the core TIFF specification to store multi-resolution (or "pyramidal") representations of a single slide in a flexible, performant manner. Here we describe the structure of this format, its performance characteristics, as well as an open-source library support for reading and writing pyramidal OME-TIFFs.

The Flavonoid Kaempferol Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Suppressing Hepatic Glucose Production.

In diabetes mellitus, the excessive rate of glucose production from the liver is considered a primary contributor for the development of hyperglycemia, in particular, fasting hyperglycemia. In this study, we investigated whether kaempferol, a flavonol present in several medicinal herbs and foods, can be used to ameliorate diabetes in an animal model of insulin deficiency and further explored the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic effect of this flavonol. We demonstrate that oral administration of kaempferol (50 mg/kg/day) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice significantly improved hyperglycemia and reduced the incidence of overt diabetes from 100% to 77.

Kaempferol ameliorates hyperglycemia through suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhancing hepatic insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice.

Obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and an array of other metabolic disorders. In particular, hepatic IR contributes to the increase in hepatic glucose production and consequently the development of fasting hyperglycemia. In this study, we explored whether kaempferol, a flavonoid isolated from Gink go biloba, is able to regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis and blood glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-fed obese mice and further explored the underlying mechanism by which it elicits such effects.

Evaluation of whether intracameral dexamethasone predisposes to glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intracameral dexamethasone during pediatric cataract surgery on the incidence of postoperative glaucoma.

Setting: Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Do reducing regimens of fluorometholone for paediatric ocular surface disease cause glaucoma?

Background/aims: Although fluorometholone (FML) is considered a steroid of minimal ocular penetration, reports in children have shown dose-dependent intraocular pressure (IOP) rise. The authors aimed to assess whether reducing regimens of FML for paediatric ocular surface disease have sustained clinically significant ocular hypertensive effects.

Methods: Retrospective case-note review.

Metadata matters: access to image data in the real world.

Data sharing is important in the biological sciences to prevent duplication of effort, to promote scientific integrity, and to facilitate and disseminate scientific discovery. Sharing requires centralized repositories, and submission to and utility of these resources require common data formats. This is particularly challenging for multidimensional microscopy image data, which are acquired from a variety of platforms with a myriad of proprietary file formats (PFFs).

Pharmacologic management of glaucoma in childhood.

An evidence-based review of the drugs available for the medical management of childhood glaucoma is presented; almost all of the drugs are not licensed for use in children. Despite this, most topical drugs are safe; however, there are some significant exceptions, such as brimonidine, which may cause apnea, among other life-threatening adverse events, in infants. Broad families of drugs are available including topical adrenoceptor antagonists, topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, adrenoceptor agonists, parasympathomimetics, and combination preparations.

On the measurement of human osteosarcoma cell elastic modulus using shear assay experiments.

This paper presents a method for determining the elastic modulus of human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. The method involves a combination of shear assay experiments and finite element analysis. Following in-situ observations of cell deformation during shear assay experiments, a digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to determine the local displacement and strain fields.