Advanced error modeling and Bayesian uncertainty quantification in mechanistic liquid chromatography modeling.

Current mechanistic chromatography process modeling methods lack the ability to account for the impact of experimental errors beyond detector noise (e.g. pump delays and variable feed composition) on the uncertainty in calibrated model parameters and the resulting model-predicted chromatograms.

Genetically inferred birthweight, height, and puberty timing and risk of osteosarcoma.

Introduction: Several studies have linked increased risk of osteosarcoma with tall stature, high birthweight, and early puberty, although evidence is inconsistent. We used genetic risk scores (GRS) based on established genetic loci for these traits and evaluated associations between genetically inferred birthweight, height, and puberty timing with osteosarcoma.

Methods: Using genotype data from two genome-wide association studies, totaling 1039 cases and 2923 controls of European ancestry, association analyses were conducted using logistic regression for each study and meta-analyzed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Advanced score system and automated search strategies for parameter estimation in mechanistic chromatography modeling.

Least squares estimation of unknown parameters from measurement data is a well-established standard method in chromatography modeling but can suffer from critical disadvantages. The description of real-world systems is generally prone to unaccounted mechanisms, such as dispersion in external holdup volumes, and systematic measurement errors, such as caused by pump delays. In this scenario, matching the shape between simulated and measured chromatograms has been found to be more important than the exact peak positions.

Multi-state steric mass action model and case study on complex high loading behavior of mAb on ion exchange tentacle resin.

Tentacle resins for IEX are increasingly applied in preparative chromatography for their higher selectivity and higher capacities in comparison to IEX resins without tentacles. However, tentacle resins are often observed to cause unusual elution behavior of monoclonal antibodies under high loading conditions. Understanding this elution behavior is important for a quality by design approach, as it is now mandated by regulatory agencies.

Quantitative metrics of spinal cord injury recovery in the rat using motion capture, electromyography and ground reaction force measurement.

Toward improving the quantitative tools available for evaluation of locomotion after a spinal cord injury, we characterized selected biomechanical and physiological parameters that could be used to assess the level of recovery of locomotion after a mid-thoracic spinal cord lateral hemisection. Specifically we defined quantitative measures of muscle activation and coordination, body weight support, propulsive force, and pre-toe contact activation. Generation of this ensemble of recovery measures was based on kinematics, ground reaction forces, and EMG in rats from the hindlimb ipsilateral to the hemisection during quadrupedal running on a trackway.

The validity and utility of the California Family Risk Assessment under practice conditions in the field: A prospective study.

Objective: Analysis of the validity and implementation of a child maltreatment actuarial risk assessment model, the California Family Risk Assessment (CFRA). QUESTIONS ADDRESSED: (1) Is there evidence of the validity of the CFRA under field operating conditions? (2) Do actuarial risk assessment results influence child welfare workers' service delivery decisions? (3) How frequently are CFRA risk scores overridden by child welfare workers? (4) Is there any difference in the predictive validity of CFRA risk assessments and clinical risk assessments by child welfare workers?

Method: The study analyzes 7,685 child abuse/neglect reports originating in 5 California counties followed prospectively for 2 years to identify further substantiated child abuse/neglect. Measures of model calibration and discrimination were used to assess CFRA validity and compare its accuracy with the accuracy of clinical predictions made by child welfare workers.

Application of a rat hindlimb model: a prediction of force spaces reachable through stimulation of nerve fascicles.

A device to generate standing or locomotion through chronically placed electrodes has not been fully developed due in part to limitations of clinical experimentation and the high number of muscle activation inputs of the leg. We investigated the feasibility of functional electrical stimulation paradigms that minimize the input dimensions for controlling the limbs by stimulating at nerve fascicles, utilizing a model of the rat hindlimb, which combined previously collected morphological data with muscle physiological parameters presented herein. As validation of the model, we investigated the suitability of a lumped-parameter model for the prediction of muscle activation during dynamic tasks.

Tactical and subject considerations of in-custody deaths proximal to use of conductive energy devices.

Conductive Energy Devices (CEDs) are used by many law enforcement agencies as a safer way to gain control of subjects, particularly those who are armed, physically resistive, or under the influence of illicit stimulant drugs. This study is an extensive voluntary survey of all police agencies that had a reported CED-related death. The list of deaths was obtained by cross referencing the published lists from Amnesty International and the Arizona Republic occurring between September 1999 and May 31, 2005.

A three-dimensional model of the rat hindlimb: musculoskeletal geometry and muscle moment arms.

As a first step towards developing a dynamic model of the rat hindlimb, we measured muscle attachment and joint center coordinates relative to bony landmarks using stereophotogrammetry. Using these measurements, we analyzed muscle moment arms as functions of joint angle for most hindlimb muscles, and tested the hypothesis that postural change alone is sufficient to alter the function of selected muscles of the leg. We described muscle attachment sites as second-order curves.